Brain Wave Monitor Sees Big Brain Thoughts
Add a Front End Oscilloscope to see Propeller thinking
Seeing the "Big Brain" think for the first time
Monitor the machine's brain wave activity with this homebuilt EEG
In this project we interface the BWM Brain Wave Monitor built and introduced in post 1165 to a front end oscilloscope and test calibrate a baseline. Next, automatic capture is developed and the Big Brain is sampled based on a number of variants.
The first Propeller machine brain wave thoughts from the Big Brain
Variation in Propeller thought is captured by this oscilloscope track
Changing the level of thinking and the cog engagement
Probe displacement deep into the Big Brain and effectual radiative output
______________________
In this variant range center frequency scale is varied from 250Hz to 21.8kHz with effective Hanning filter and up to six point averaging. One channel input is utilized with normalized variance. iSpectrum sets a frequency marker, faster CPU and draws grid lines. Automatic waveform capture is SimpleCap'd. Sound interfacing is through the built in iMac audio input with complete electrical circuit protective isolation through an air dielectric. Samples above only show a small part of the measurable brain wave spectrum.
Definition adapted from Wikipedia: (Human based) Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity in the brain. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain and refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over time.
These are posts with the topic of constructing a DIY brain wave monitor machine EEG that is designed to read brain waves from a machine and not a human.
Mistakes often lead to innnovation, invention and creation. Removing mistakes removes the human elment of random creation which removes humanity. Thank you, I'll keep my free thinkinng random thought process you can save the brain caps for those that want to be drones in a humanless society. Will we divide people into castes of those that are moniotored biological processors and those that are free thinking creators? Do we get to choose which group we are placed into?
Mistakes often lead to innnovation, invention and creation.
Sometimes, but mostly leaded spilled coffee, broken windows, and contusions.
Removing mistakes removes the human elment of random creation which removes humanity.
Removing ALL mistakes might, removing STUPID mistakes might not.
Thank you, I'll keep my free thinkinng random thought process
Me too, but that's built in, and not "mistakes" at least in my case
you can save the brain caps for those that want to be drones in a humanless society.
Which is already a large portion of society. Anybody who keeps a job they hate "cause the money is good" fits this catagory. Which would include me, most of the time.
Will we divide people into castes of those that are moniotored biological processors and those that are free thinking creators?
Isn't this already the case, but the selection is made passively, due to indirectly related personal choises and market forces, etc? An active decision based on data is always better than a passive choise base on in-action.
[/QUOTE]Do we get to choose which group we are placed into?[/QUOTE]
Humanoido does, if its his machine....
I, for one, welcome our new big hat wearing overlord drones....
Sound interfacing is through the built in iMac audio input with complete electrical circuit protective isolation through an air dielectric. Samples above only show a small part of the measurable brain wave spectrum.
What exactly are you measuring from your "brain" ? What is producing this audio?
The pictures are very pretty, but they could just as easily be measuring white noise or a moped engine sound.
Mistakes often lead to innnovation, invention and creation. Removing mistakes removes the human elment of random creation which removes humanity. Thank you, I'll keep my free thinkinng random thought process you can save the brain caps for those that want to be drones in a humanless society.
Trial and error can be an important learning process as you have noted. This however is different - the point made by the source link was that if you were an air traffic controller and that a mistake could be avoided before it happened, a lot of lives could be saved. If you were traveling on the plane, you would appreciate such safety measures put into place.
Machine to Human Brain Interface with Parallax Propellers
This project is continuing but didn't have a dedicated post. This will become the documenting discovery, announcement and development post to open up this sub-project. As it stands, the sub project continues in two phases with a search for a couple high technology parts & modules that will enable the connection. These are completed neural headsets, BMI interfaces and sensors.
The search on the first pass did not find any local suppliers. If the 2nd and 3rd pass don't produce results, the project will move into DIY. The 2nd phase regards what is currently accomplished with the Big Brain and potential mind coupling using the BWM Brain Wave Machine. Extending this technology is another path with possibilities.
Part of this project entails the resolution of questions about what needs to be accomplished. Is it command and control or is it all about pure thought and communications? If pure thought, will the pathway mix in other parameters, such as time and position?
Propeller Neural Image Interface Development
Human Brain to Machine Brain
One particular area of neural interface technology being considered and examined at the Big Brain Lab is the pure thought transfer of images. This is a particularly interesting region to explore and create experiments.
The idea is twofold. One, develop a neural interface "conduit" that can transfer images from the human brain to a machine brain. Two, develop a neural interface conduit that can transfer images from the machine brain to a human brain.
In this post, the idea of images out of the human brain and into the machine brain will be considered. Images from a human brain fall into the following categories:
Propeller Neural Image Interface Development
Machine Brain to Human Brain
This is the discovery post for the idea of sending images from the machine brain to the human brain. The use of machine neural transmitters can include sending brain wave patterns directly into the human brain. The project includes sending images made from alternating BW patterns. BW's are the noninvasive key to communicating in the path of machine brain to human brain.
In talking images, the representations can include much more than mere graphics. For example, BW patterns can include:
Electromagnetic Injections from a Propeller Machine Brain into a Human Brain
This encompasses the contruction of a simple magnetic neural machine transmitter that can narrow beam focus a bundle of machine thought energy directed in such a way that the foci resides inside the human brain.
Note the charge of EM is modulated to direct pre-formulated packets of energy or machine quanta, within safe limits, to the area of the human brain which is responsible for vision, in order to establish a working link. This Big Brain subproject is designed as a key part of brain communication.
This is continuing with an investigation of developing a machine brain Propeller chip foci to the beam, establishing a Propeller neurotransmitter circuit, and marking the human brain vision center as a target.
http://www.hackcanada.com/homegrown/wetware/brainwave/index.html Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic brain-wave machines which use light and/or sound to alter brain-wave activity. Brain-wave activity ranges from fully awake to deep dreamless sleep. This activity is categorized into five primary groups: Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma.
By using light and sound to induce these brain states we are able to gain greater control and efficiency of brain usage. Furthermore, improvements in relaxation, memory, creativity, stress management, sleep disorders, and even ESP(!) can be had by utilizing a brain-wave machine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory).
Electrodes & Spatial Resolution
Electrode locations and names are specified by the International 10–20 system for most clinical and research applications (except when high-density arrays are used). This system ensures that the naming of electrodes is consistent across laboratories. In most clinical applications, 19 recording electrodes (plus ground and system reference) are used. A smaller number of electrodes are typically used when recording EEG from neonates. Additional electrodes can be added to the standard set-up when a clinical or research application demands increased spatial resolution for a particular area of the brain. High-density arrays (typically via cap or net) can contain up to 256 electrodes more-or-less evenly spaced around the scalp.
Neural Connection
Each electrode is connected to one input of a differential amplifier (one amplifier per pair of electrodes); a common system reference electrode is connected to the other input of each differential amplifier. These amplifiers amplify the voltage between the active electrode and the reference (typically 1,000–100,000 times, or 60–100 dB of voltage gain). In analog EEG, the signal is then filtered (next paragraph), and the EEG signal is output as the deflection of pens as paper passes underneath. Most EEG systems these days, however, are digital, and the amplified signal is digitized via an analog-to-digital converter, after being passed through an anti-aliasing filter. Analog-to-digital sampling typically occurs at 256–512 Hz in clinical scalp EEG; sampling rates of up to 20 kHz are used in some research applications.
The wave patterns of human brains are comparatively low frequency. The following is a more detailed guide to these waveforms.
Delta Wave
Delta is the frequency range up to 4 Hz. It tends to be the highest in amplitude and the slowest waves. It is seen normally in adults in slow wave sleep. It is also seen normally in babies. It may occur focally with subcortical lesions and in general distribution with diffuse lesions, metabolic encephalopathy hydrocephalus or deep midline lesions. It is usually most prominent frontally in adults (e.g. FIRDA - Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta) and posteriorly in children (e.g. OIRDA - Occipital Intermittent Rhythmic Delta).
Theta waves
Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 7 Hz. Theta is seen normally in young children. It may be seen in drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults; it can also be seen in meditation.[21] Excess theta for age represents abnormal activity. It can be seen as a focal disturbance in focal subcortical lesions; it can be seen in generalized distribution in diffuse disorder or metabolic encephalopathy or deep midline disorders or some instances of hydrocephalus. On the contrary this range has been associated with reports of relaxed, meditative, and creative states.
Alpha waves
Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave". This was the "posterior basic rhythm" (also called the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm"), seen in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, higher in amplitude on the dominant side. It emerges with closing of the eyes and with relaxation, and attenuates with eye opening or mental exertion. The posterior basic rhythm is actually slower than 8 Hz in young children (therefore technically in the theta range).
Sensorimotor rhythm aka mu rhythm
In addition to the posterior basic rhythm, there are other normal alpha rhythms such as the mu rhythm (alpha activity in the contralateral sensory and motor cortical areas that emerges when the hands and arms are idle; and the "third rhythm" (alpha activity in the temporal or frontal lobes). Alpha can be abnormal; for example, an EEG that has diffuse alpha occurring in coma and is not responsive to external stimuli is referred to as "alpha coma".
Beta waves
Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely linked to motor behavior and is generally attenuated during active movements.[24] Low amplitude beta with multiple and varying frequencies is often associated with active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration. Rhythmic beta with a dominant set of frequencies is associated with various pathologies and drug effects, especially benzodiazepines. It may be absent or reduced in areas of cortical damage. It is the dominant rhythm in patients who are alert or anxious or who have their eyes open.
Gamma waves
Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30–100 Hz. Gamma rhythms are thought to represent binding of different populations of neurons together into a network for the purpose of carrying out a certain cognitive or motor function.
Mu waves
Mu ranges 8–13 Hz., and partly overlaps with other frequencies. It reflects the synchronous firing of motor neurons in rest state. Mu suppression is thought to reflect motor mirror neuron systems, because when an action is observed, the pattern extinguishes, possibly because of the normal neuronal system and the mirror neuron system "go out of sync", and interfere with each other.
Propeller Experiments
In Propeller experiments (see recent posted osc tests) in the activity of the Big Brain shows machine wave activity appears to extend approximately from 100 to 20K Hz. This may or may not indicate the presence of harmonics and waveform activity beyond this range as thus far only this range is examined.
Spin Code
Test code in Spin thus far uses loops, starts, stops, and waits. Below is a sample for low frequency tic test range, below a 1Hz. (on .25 and off .75)
Multiple Stamps Brain Prop
with Bean's Remarkable BS2Prop
Block diagram showing twenty Propeller chips using 80 cogs
out of 160 to create eighty parallel BS2's for a more powerful Brain
Stem. Larger rectangles show Propeller chips. Rectangles inside
shown Cogs. Each of the four internal Cogs represent one BS2.
Wiring shown is an array ready for parallel connections.
________________________
Keeping in mind there's Propeller code with a degree of compatibility with the BS2 in the OBEX, the Retro Perspective is traveling back to visit Bean's 2009 Propeller based BASIC Stamp emulator. The usefulness of this development is the functionality and compatibility with the Brain Stem, a BS2 part of the Propeller brain responsible for motor control functions.
In Bean's own words, "The saving grace is that you can have multiple BS2 programs running in parallel." With four cogs, the implementation of four BASIC Stamps is a possibility. THE CODE is written in Spin which completely compatible with the Big Brain.
In the upgrade, it requires 2 cogs to run the program - one running the spin and one running the assembly. So maybe you'll want 2 or 3 parallel programs running. I figure I'll need one cog to handle the downloading of programs and such. Plus one for the debugger.
About Spin source code for BS2Prop
This program will emulate a BS2 on a Propeller chip. The propeller will wait until the Basic stamp IDE loads a program. To load a new BS2 program you need to reset the propeller chip. You cannot use the Propeller serial connection because the basic stamp IDE will reset the propeller and it won't be running when it tried to communicate. I used an additional "Prop plug" connected to pins 9 & 10. And you MUST tell the basic stamp IDE what serial port the prop plug is on, or it will scan the serial ports and reset the propeller. http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?111473-A-Propeller-based-quot-Basic-Stamp-quot-emulator.-Any-interest-in-this-CODE-UPDATED&p=794309&viewfull=1#post794309
' Sample BS2 program with Prop Plug on COM6
' {$PORT COM6}
' {$STAMP BS2}
' Start:
' TOGGLE 15
' PAUSE 500
' GOTO Start
This set of incorporated tokens are for writing emulated BS2 code. There's no manual for the BS2 Prop Emulator so these commands and statements were extracted from the Spin code for programming convenience.
END
SLEEP
NAP
STOP
OUTPUT
HIGH
TOGGLE
LOW
REVERSE
GOTO
GOSUB
RETURN
INPUT
IF
NEXT
BRANCH
LOOKUP
LOOKDOWN
RANDOM
READ
WRITE
PAUSE
FREQOUT
FREQOUT2
DTMFOUT
XOUT
STORE
SEROUT1
SEROUT2
SERIN1
SERIN2
PULSOUT
PULSIN
COUNT
SHIFTIN
SHIFTOUT
RCTIME
BUTTON
PWM
SQR
ABS
COMP
NEG
DCD
NCD
COS
SIN
BITAND
BITOR
BITXOR
MIN
MAX
PLUS
MINUS
STARSLASH
STAR
STARSTAR
REMAIN
DIV
DIG
SHIFTLEFT
SHIFTRIGHT
REV
GREQ
LEEQ
EQUAL
NOTEQ,
GREATER
LESS
Building a new Brain Wave Monitor BWM
Work begins on the next version model
As work continues on a machine brain wave monitor for the Big Brain, the design is improved with a set of new criteria for the next version model.
Criteria for a New Brain Wave Monitor
analog or digital
battery operated to isolate noise
single channel
ferrite inductive input
wide band
with directional probe
amplifier gain
tuning
multiple band selectable
power switchable
jack output feed
display
The Brain Wave Monitor is a real EEG machine similar to the human brain version. The BWM inductively picks up and processes Propeller machine brain waves without invasive or direct connections.
The BWM Brain Wave Machine is designed to measure electrical activity in the Big Brain. The machine is now functional. The theory of operation begins with the Big Brain emitting electrical activity from frequencies generated by program activity in the form of RF. Each Propeller chip, which is in an active state and running a program, is emitting waves. A single Propeller chip or a combination of an array of Propeller chips emits a spectrum band of wave frequencies that are read with a sensitive machine, in this case, the BWM.
Brain wave emissions are in minute measurable frequencies. Initially the machine is tuned on broadband. The first step is the setup of Propeller chips. Prep includes running some measure of code that exercises each chip in unison with the others. This exercise or mental thinking, program execution, generates RF frequency.
Monitoring begins with the collective positioning of Propeller chips arranged in an array representing one or more brain partitions. Next, a selection probe, or broadband sensor is used to position near a brain section. In the diagram, this is the Amplitude Modulation RF Pickup.
The next stage is the RF to voltage converter followed by the voltage to audio converter. This is amplified and isolated, then routed into a Mac computer. The Mac converts the audio to a voltage and feeds the result to the oscilloscope which measures the amplitude and frequency of the signal, then displays it on the terminal.
The display is shifted left or right to encompass a a specific part of the spectrum. Varying wave types can be identified and recorded.
The Chinese make a nice equipment fan, ideal for cooling arrays of Propellers that are moderately overclocked at high speeds. The one reviewed is AOLIPU black model ALP-A102 with a mountable wire frame base, moveable adjustable fan and operates off the USB port. Includes power switch and USB cable removable at the fan end for transporting. Price $5.
Creating Neural Activity in a Propeller Machine Brain
Food for the Brain Wave Machine
The next step in working with the Brain Wave Machine is to intentionally create a number of different brain wave patterns using the Propeller chips inside Big Brain.
One way to create machine neural activity is just by running a Propeller Spin program that performs some task. This however does not specifically isolate the neural machine pattern for one specific function. It may create machine neural activity for a number of functions.
Parallax has created the PEK - Propeller Eduction Lab. This excellent source includes a detailed book and software (available for download). The kit includes all necessary parts.
To accomplish this, a series of small programs, each with a specific type of functioning, will exercise the range of activity based on varying functions.
Some activity anticipated includes the following:
Frequency generation
Looping
PWM
RC Activity
Pin input
Pin output
Toggling a pin
Decay
Cog switching
Here is a sample program for toggling a pin
CON
_clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x ' Feedback and PLL multiplier
_xinfreq = 5_000_000 ' External oscillator = 5 MHz
LEDs_START = 0 ' Start of I/O pin group for on/off signals
LEDs_END = 15 ' End of I/O pin group for on/off signals
PUSHBUTTON = 18 ' Pushbutton Input Pin
PUB ButtonBlinkSpeed ' Main method
'' Sends on/off (3.3 V / 0 V) signals at approximately 2 Hz.
dira[LEDs_START..LEDs_END]~~ ' Set entire pin group to output
repeat ' Endless loop
! outa[LEDs_START..LEDs_END] ' Change the state of pin group
if ina[PUSHBUTTON] == 1 ' If pushbutton pressed
waitcnt(clkfreq / 4 + cnt) ' Wait 1/4 second -> 2 Hz
else ' If pushbutton not pressed
waitcnt(clkfreq / 20 + cnt) ' Wait 1/20 second -> 10 Hz
This represents a renaming convention and a new paradigm in Big Brain. Processors inside Propeller chips, the artificial kind, is now known as intelligent neurons or Neuron Processors.
NPs must have high numbers and can work in parallel based on the design of the machine. NP Concept: they have all the functions of VPs and are more powerful than the previous Simplex Neuron. A more powerful Simplex Neuron can now be created.
The computer is some kind of monster when it comes to emitting EMI and RFI. The sensitive BWM machine is simply overwhelmed within a one meter radius and any connection wires simply act like routers and broadcast antenna to carry and extend the electrical interference.
The solution is to use a BWM recording device placed after the variable amplifier and before the Isolation. This can record brain wave activity and play it back. There are various methods to achieve this.
analog magnetic tape (SONY Walkman)
digital recording device (iPhone, SONY Camera)
The method for success was a remote SONY camera that did sound capture, while the computer was off. Then the audio portion was fed into the computer for processing and routing to the oscilloscope.
A wideband approach is now favored for a brain wave monitor machine to monitor the brain waves from a machine brain.
The BWM requires only one channel which can be converted from sound to a waveform over time. This will waveform compress or waveform slice over time.
At least for now, only one directional probe is needed to pick up machine brain waves, unlike the human brain wave monitor that requires many sensors across the scalp.
In the case where multiple props run multiple varying code, some design additions may be forthcoming. For now the Big Brain is being explored in single or parallel mode with similar one test programs.
New BWM built with a Parallax Propeller PEK
and a P-1010.
A more sensitive and dedicated Brain Wave Monitor is now in place. It's made from the parts of a Pobnze P-1010. The module is set to MW at 525 KHz on the 525 to 1610 KHz band. It's setup on batteries to avoid any power line interference. The battery voltage is 3-volts and is compatible with the Propeller chip power source. The P-1010 was $4.62 with batteries.
Propeller Brain Spectral Thought Imprint
Using the new Brain Wave Monitor v2.0
Time is along the Y-axis
It looks like a genetic marker but it's the new BWM imprint. This test uses the new single channel BWM and front end iSpectrum with a 1KHz marker and a non-oscilloscope mode to imprint the L to R waveforms from 884Hz to 1.7KHz. Note the four modes of brain waves created by the sequences in MOV02794, first phase at bottom. Bandwidth is held steady at 0.9KHz and normalized using a Blackman analysis with no average. Input gain was set to -10.0 db. Time is along the Y-axis.
Use of the new Big Brain's backup system with OSX's Time Machine is completely automatic making an incremental backup every 30 minutes onto a one TeraBYTE hard drive. The system hard drive for backup serves as both backup and archive. Work continues even as backups are being made with no noticeable slow down in computing.
This is the demonstration setup of a Propeller Brain Wave Monitor. The circuit is derived from the PEK with one power LED, one output pin LED, a reset pushbutton and a programmable pushbutton.
Power supply for the BWM circuit
_________________
Two frequencies are set for pin output depending if the button is pressed and held down or not. When switched, the LED flashing frequency is greater.
For wiring the circuit, place one LED on any pin from 0 through 15 inclusive (pin 3 chosen) and pushbutton circuit on pin 18. See wiring schematic below.
Wiring schematic for one LED and a pushbutton
______________________
BWM Code
'' First Big Brain BWM Test
CON
_clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x ' Feedback and PLL multiplier
_xinfreq = 5_000_000 ' External oscillator = 5 MHz
LEDs_START = 0 ' Start of I/O pin group for on/off signals
LEDs_END = 15 ' End of I/O pin group for on/off signals
PUSHBUTTON = 18 ' Pushbutton Input Pin
PUB ButtonBlinkSpeed ' Main method
'' Sends on/off (3.3 V / 0 V) signals at approximately 2 Hz.
dira[LEDs_START..LEDs_END]~~ ' Set entire pin group to output
repeat ' Endless loop
! outa[LEDs_START..LEDs_END] ' Change the state of pin group
if ina[PUSHBUTTON] == 1 ' If pushbutton pressed
waitcnt(clkfreq / 4 + cnt) ' Wait 1/4 second -> 2 Hz
else ' If pushbutton not pressed
waitcnt(clkfreq / 20 + cnt) ' Wait 1/20 second -> 10 Hz
States
This is a four state circuit.
LED cycling
LED cycling with pushbutton depressed
RESET depressed
RESET boot process
The main circuit has a 32K EEPROM for storing the program and a 5MHz crystal for running the 80MHz program to establish a precision clock
__________________
The new BWM appears to have wide spectral band response. The Brain Waves are picked up broad band across 500 KHz up to around 1,000 KHz with greatest sensitivity around 500 KHz.
The broadband signal characteristics will determine the function and activity level inside the brain. Therefore only one channel is needed at this time. So far, brain activity for pin status, varying cps pin output and reset is tested. The test uses both visual and sound output, visual from the LED monitor and sound from the BWM.
BWM output, combined with a Propeller chip circuit includes LED output, sound output, volume, tuning, band selection, power options for on/off, probe, external 3-volt DC power supply and internal 3-volts batteries. The Propeller circuit alters the frequency with two choices, and provides a pushbutton to suspend the prop in reset or release it for boot.
Comments
Add a Front End Oscilloscope to see Propeller thinking
Seeing the "Big Brain" think for the first time
Monitor the machine's brain wave activity with this homebuilt EEG
In this project we interface the BWM Brain Wave Monitor built and introduced in post 1165 to a front end oscilloscope and test calibrate a baseline. Next, automatic capture is developed and the Big Brain is sampled based on a number of variants.
The first Propeller machine brain wave thoughts from the Big Brain
Variation in Propeller thought is captured by this oscilloscope track
Changing the level of thinking and the cog engagement
Probe displacement deep into the Big Brain and effectual radiative output
______________________
In this variant range center frequency scale is varied from 250Hz to 21.8kHz with effective Hanning filter and up to six point averaging. One channel input is utilized with normalized variance. iSpectrum sets a frequency marker, faster CPU and draws grid lines. Automatic waveform capture is SimpleCap'd. Sound interfacing is through the built in iMac audio input with complete electrical circuit protective isolation through an air dielectric. Samples above only show a small part of the measurable brain wave spectrum.
Definition adapted from Wikipedia: (Human based) Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity in the brain. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain and refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over time.
Spotlite Index
These are posts with the topic of constructing a DIY brain wave monitor machine EEG that is designed to read brain waves from a machine and not a human.
Build a Big Brain Propeller Qualitative EEG Machine
Measure the Big Brain's Brain Waves
Page 35 post 681
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?124495-Fill-the-Big-Brain&p=998250&viewfull=1#post998250
Big Brain - Propeller Brain Wave Transfer Machine
p59 post 1164
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?124495-Fill-the-Big-Brain&p=1019865&viewfull=1#post1019865
1st Brain Wave Monitor - Listening to Propeller Chips
p59 post 1165
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?124495-Fill-the-Big-Brain&p=1019989&viewfull=1#post1019989
Brain Wave Consideration
The Beginning of Neuromachineology
p59 post 1170
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?124495-Fill-the-Big-Brain&p=1020088&viewfull=1#post1020088
Brain Wave Monitor Sees Big Brain Thoughts
Add a Front End Oscilloscope to see Propeller thinking
p59 post 1172
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?124495-Fill-the-Big-Brain&p=1020108&viewfull=1#post1020108
Sometimes, but mostly leaded spilled coffee, broken windows, and contusions.
Removing ALL mistakes might, removing STUPID mistakes might not.
Me too, but that's built in, and not "mistakes" at least in my case
Which is already a large portion of society. Anybody who keeps a job they hate "cause the money is good" fits this catagory. Which would include me, most of the time.
Isn't this already the case, but the selection is made passively, due to indirectly related personal choises and market forces, etc? An active decision based on data is always better than a passive choise base on in-action.
[/QUOTE]Do we get to choose which group we are placed into?[/QUOTE]
Humanoido does, if its his machine....
I, for one, welcome our new big hat wearing overlord drones....
What exactly are you measuring from your "brain" ? What is producing this audio?
The pictures are very pretty, but they could just as easily be measuring white noise or a moped engine sound.
Trial and error can be an important learning process as you have noted. This however is different - the point made by the source link was that if you were an air traffic controller and that a mistake could be avoided before it happened, a lot of lives could be saved. If you were traveling on the plane, you would appreciate such safety measures put into place.
This project is continuing but didn't have a dedicated post. This will become the documenting discovery, announcement and development post to open up this sub-project. As it stands, the sub project continues in two phases with a search for a couple high technology parts & modules that will enable the connection. These are completed neural headsets, BMI interfaces and sensors.
The search on the first pass did not find any local suppliers. If the 2nd and 3rd pass don't produce results, the project will move into DIY. The 2nd phase regards what is currently accomplished with the Big Brain and potential mind coupling using the BWM Brain Wave Machine. Extending this technology is another path with possibilities.
Part of this project entails the resolution of questions about what needs to be accomplished. Is it command and control or is it all about pure thought and communications? If pure thought, will the pathway mix in other parameters, such as time and position?
Human Brain to Machine Brain
One particular area of neural interface technology being considered and examined at the Big Brain Lab is the pure thought transfer of images. This is a particularly interesting region to explore and create experiments.
The idea is twofold. One, develop a neural interface "conduit" that can transfer images from the human brain to a machine brain. Two, develop a neural interface conduit that can transfer images from the machine brain to a human brain.
In this post, the idea of images out of the human brain and into the machine brain will be considered. Images from a human brain fall into the following categories:
Machine Brain to Human Brain
This is the discovery post for the idea of sending images from the machine brain to the human brain. The use of machine neural transmitters can include sending brain wave patterns directly into the human brain. The project includes sending images made from alternating BW patterns. BW's are the noninvasive key to communicating in the path of machine brain to human brain.
In talking images, the representations can include much more than mere graphics. For example, BW patterns can include:
This encompasses the contruction of a simple magnetic neural machine transmitter that can narrow beam focus a bundle of machine thought energy directed in such a way that the foci resides inside the human brain.
Note the charge of EM is modulated to direct pre-formulated packets of energy or machine quanta, within safe limits, to the area of the human brain which is responsible for vision, in order to establish a working link. This Big Brain subproject is designed as a key part of brain communication.
This is continuing with an investigation of developing a machine brain Propeller chip foci to the beam, establishing a Propeller neurotransmitter circuit, and marking the human brain vision center as a target.
http://www.hackcanada.com/homegrown/wetware/brainwave/index.html
Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic brain-wave machines which use light and/or sound to alter brain-wave activity. Brain-wave activity ranges from fully awake to deep dreamless sleep. This activity is categorized into five primary groups: Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma.
By using light and sound to induce these brain states we are able to gain greater control and efficiency of brain usage. Furthermore, improvements in relaxation, memory, creativity, stress management, sleep disorders, and even ESP(!) can be had by utilizing a brain-wave machine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory).
Electrodes & Spatial Resolution
Electrode locations and names are specified by the International 10–20 system for most clinical and research applications (except when high-density arrays are used). This system ensures that the naming of electrodes is consistent across laboratories. In most clinical applications, 19 recording electrodes (plus ground and system reference) are used. A smaller number of electrodes are typically used when recording EEG from neonates. Additional electrodes can be added to the standard set-up when a clinical or research application demands increased spatial resolution for a particular area of the brain. High-density arrays (typically via cap or net) can contain up to 256 electrodes more-or-less evenly spaced around the scalp.
Neural Connection
Each electrode is connected to one input of a differential amplifier (one amplifier per pair of electrodes); a common system reference electrode is connected to the other input of each differential amplifier. These amplifiers amplify the voltage between the active electrode and the reference (typically 1,000–100,000 times, or 60–100 dB of voltage gain). In analog EEG, the signal is then filtered (next paragraph), and the EEG signal is output as the deflection of pens as paper passes underneath. Most EEG systems these days, however, are digital, and the amplified signal is digitized via an analog-to-digital converter, after being passed through an anti-aliasing filter. Analog-to-digital sampling typically occurs at 256–512 Hz in clinical scalp EEG; sampling rates of up to 20 kHz are used in some research applications.
The wave patterns of human brains are comparatively low frequency. The following is a more detailed guide to these waveforms.
Adapted in part from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
Delta Wave
Delta is the frequency range up to 4 Hz. It tends to be the highest in amplitude and the slowest waves. It is seen normally in adults in slow wave sleep. It is also seen normally in babies. It may occur focally with subcortical lesions and in general distribution with diffuse lesions, metabolic encephalopathy hydrocephalus or deep midline lesions. It is usually most prominent frontally in adults (e.g. FIRDA - Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta) and posteriorly in children (e.g. OIRDA - Occipital Intermittent Rhythmic Delta).
Theta waves
Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 7 Hz. Theta is seen normally in young children. It may be seen in drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults; it can also be seen in meditation.[21] Excess theta for age represents abnormal activity. It can be seen as a focal disturbance in focal subcortical lesions; it can be seen in generalized distribution in diffuse disorder or metabolic encephalopathy or deep midline disorders or some instances of hydrocephalus. On the contrary this range has been associated with reports of relaxed, meditative, and creative states.
Alpha waves
Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave". This was the "posterior basic rhythm" (also called the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm"), seen in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, higher in amplitude on the dominant side. It emerges with closing of the eyes and with relaxation, and attenuates with eye opening or mental exertion. The posterior basic rhythm is actually slower than 8 Hz in young children (therefore technically in the theta range).
Sensorimotor rhythm aka mu rhythm
In addition to the posterior basic rhythm, there are other normal alpha rhythms such as the mu rhythm (alpha activity in the contralateral sensory and motor cortical areas that emerges when the hands and arms are idle; and the "third rhythm" (alpha activity in the temporal or frontal lobes). Alpha can be abnormal; for example, an EEG that has diffuse alpha occurring in coma and is not responsive to external stimuli is referred to as "alpha coma".
Beta waves
Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely linked to motor behavior and is generally attenuated during active movements.[24] Low amplitude beta with multiple and varying frequencies is often associated with active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration. Rhythmic beta with a dominant set of frequencies is associated with various pathologies and drug effects, especially benzodiazepines. It may be absent or reduced in areas of cortical damage. It is the dominant rhythm in patients who are alert or anxious or who have their eyes open.
Gamma waves
Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30–100 Hz. Gamma rhythms are thought to represent binding of different populations of neurons together into a network for the purpose of carrying out a certain cognitive or motor function.
Mu waves
Mu ranges 8–13 Hz., and partly overlaps with other frequencies. It reflects the synchronous firing of motor neurons in rest state. Mu suppression is thought to reflect motor mirror neuron systems, because when an action is observed, the pattern extinguishes, possibly because of the normal neuronal system and the mirror neuron system "go out of sync", and interfere with each other.
Propeller Experiments
In Propeller experiments (see recent posted osc tests) in the activity of the Big Brain shows machine wave activity appears to extend approximately from 100 to 20K Hz. This may or may not indicate the presence of harmonics and waveform activity beyond this range as thus far only this range is examined.
Spin Code
Test code in Spin thus far uses loops, starts, stops, and waits. Below is a sample for low frequency tic test range, below a 1Hz. (on .25 and off .75)
' BrainTic.spin ' Propeller Big Brain sub Hz test ' Detect calibration brain tics ' Requires BWM & Oscilloscope CON _xinfreq = 5_000_000 _clkmode = xtal1 + pll1x PUB BrainTic dira[15] := 1 repeat outa[15] := 1 waitcnt(clkfreq/4 + cnt) outa[15] := 0 waitncnt(clkfreq/4*3 + cnt)-Phil
with Bean's Remarkable BS2Prop
Block diagram showing twenty Propeller chips using 80 cogs
out of 160 to create eighty parallel BS2's for a more powerful Brain
Stem. Larger rectangles show Propeller chips. Rectangles inside
shown Cogs. Each of the four internal Cogs represent one BS2.
Wiring shown is an array ready for parallel connections.
________________________
Keeping in mind there's Propeller code with a degree of compatibility with the BS2 in the OBEX, the Retro Perspective is traveling back to visit Bean's 2009 Propeller based BASIC Stamp emulator. The usefulness of this development is the functionality and compatibility with the Brain Stem, a BS2 part of the Propeller brain responsible for motor control functions.
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?111473-A-Propeller-based-quot-Basic-Stamp-quot-emulator.-Any-interest-in-this-CODE-UPDATED
In Bean's own words, "The saving grace is that you can have multiple BS2 programs running in parallel." With four cogs, the implementation of four BASIC Stamps is a possibility. THE CODE is written in Spin which completely compatible with the Big Brain.
In the upgrade, it requires 2 cogs to run the program - one running the spin and one running the assembly. So maybe you'll want 2 or 3 parallel programs running. I figure I'll need one cog to handle the downloading of programs and such. Plus one for the debugger.
About Spin source code for BS2Prop
This program will emulate a BS2 on a Propeller chip. The propeller will wait until the Basic stamp IDE loads a program. To load a new BS2 program you need to reset the propeller chip. You cannot use the Propeller serial connection because the basic stamp IDE will reset the propeller and it won't be running when it tried to communicate. I used an additional "Prop plug" connected to pins 9 & 10. And you MUST tell the basic stamp IDE what serial port the prop plug is on, or it will scan the serial ports and reset the propeller.
http://forums.parallax.com/showthread.php?111473-A-Propeller-based-quot-Basic-Stamp-quot-emulator.-Any-interest-in-this-CODE-UPDATED&p=794309&viewfull=1#post794309
' Sample BS2 program with Prop Plug on COM6 ' {$PORT COM6} ' {$STAMP BS2} ' Start: ' TOGGLE 15 ' PAUSE 500 ' GOTO StartThis set of incorporated tokens are for writing emulated BS2 code. There's no manual for the BS2 Prop Emulator so these commands and statements were extracted from the Spin code for programming convenience.
END
SLEEP
NAP
STOP
OUTPUT
HIGH
TOGGLE
LOW
REVERSE
GOTO
GOSUB
RETURN
INPUT
IF
NEXT
BRANCH
LOOKUP
LOOKDOWN
RANDOM
READ
WRITE
PAUSE
FREQOUT
FREQOUT2
DTMFOUT
XOUT
STORE
SEROUT1
SEROUT2
SERIN1
SERIN2
PULSOUT
PULSIN
COUNT
SHIFTIN
SHIFTOUT
RCTIME
BUTTON
PWM
SQR
ABS
COMP
NEG
DCD
NCD
COS
SIN
BITAND
BITOR
BITXOR
MIN
MAX
PLUS
MINUS
STARSLASH
STAR
STARSTAR
REMAIN
DIV
DIG
SHIFTLEFT
SHIFTRIGHT
REV
GREQ
LEEQ
EQUAL
NOTEQ,
GREATER
LESS
Download the BS2Prop.spin here
http://forums.parallax.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=59807&d=1238807321
' {$STAMP BS2} ' {$PBASIC 2.5} Start: HIGH 15 LOW 15 GOTO StartThe emulator code gives a frequency of 1825 Hz. There are three instruction in the loop so that works out to 5,475 instructions per second.
Tracy Allen www.emesystems.com measured real stamps for this data.
BS2: 1778 Hz
BS2pe: 1841 Hz
BS2p: 4608 Hz
BS2px: 6655 Hz
Seriously, though, this thread belongs in Humanoido's blog space, not the forum. Perhaps a forum administrator can make the necessary transfer.
-Phil
True, but relatively harmless, occasionally amusing, and sometimes provides a good link or idea.
Do robot brains need persistence of vision and why?
A perplexing illusion that you'll 'heart'
http://www.yahoo.com/_ylt=AsK5FfdxZqL1L.Vyu5U98zGbvZx4;_ylc=X3oDMThtdmo2dWhwBF9TAzIwMjM1MzgwNzUEYQMxMTA3MjkgZ2FtZXMgb3B0aWNhbCBpbGx1c2lvbnMgdARjcG9zAzcEZANzdARnA2lkLTM4MzkzNARpbnRsA3VzBGl0YwMwBGx0eHQDQXBlcnBsZXhpbmdpbGx1c2lvbnRoYXR5b3UmIzM5O2xsJiMzOTtoZWFydCYjMzk7BG1wb3MDMQRwa2d0AzEEcGtndgMxNQRwb3MDMgRzZWMDdGQtZmVhdARzbGsDdGl0bGUEdGFyA2h0dHA6Ly9ibG9nLmdhbWVzLnlhaG9vLmNvbS9ibG9nLzg2Mi15b3VsbC1oZWFydC10aGlzLWlsbHVzaW9uBHRlc3QDNzAxBHdvZQMyMTUxMzMw/SIG=12i4mqckq/EXP=1312204523/**http%3A//blog.games.yahoo.com/blog/862-youll-heart-this-illusion
Work begins on the next version model
As work continues on a machine brain wave monitor for the Big Brain, the design is improved with a set of new criteria for the next version model.
Criteria for a New Brain Wave Monitor
The Brain Wave Monitor is a real EEG machine similar to the human brain version. The BWM inductively picks up and processes Propeller machine brain waves without invasive or direct connections.
Theory of Op
The BWM Brain Wave Machine is designed to measure electrical activity in the Big Brain. The machine is now functional. The theory of operation begins with the Big Brain emitting electrical activity from frequencies generated by program activity in the form of RF. Each Propeller chip, which is in an active state and running a program, is emitting waves. A single Propeller chip or a combination of an array of Propeller chips emits a spectrum band of wave frequencies that are read with a sensitive machine, in this case, the BWM.
Brain wave emissions are in minute measurable frequencies. Initially the machine is tuned on broadband. The first step is the setup of Propeller chips. Prep includes running some measure of code that exercises each chip in unison with the others. This exercise or mental thinking, program execution, generates RF frequency.
Monitoring begins with the collective positioning of Propeller chips arranged in an array representing one or more brain partitions. Next, a selection probe, or broadband sensor is used to position near a brain section. In the diagram, this is the Amplitude Modulation RF Pickup.
The next stage is the RF to voltage converter followed by the voltage to audio converter. This is amplified and isolated, then routed into a Mac computer. The Mac converts the audio to a voltage and feeds the result to the oscilloscope which measures the amplitude and frequency of the signal, then displays it on the terminal.
The display is shifted left or right to encompass a a specific part of the spectrum. Varying wave types can be identified and recorded.
Machine Brain Wave Code Types
Cooling Overclocked Propellers
Tiny Propeller equipment fan runs on USB power
The Chinese make a nice equipment fan, ideal for cooling arrays of Propellers that are moderately overclocked at high speeds. The one reviewed is AOLIPU black model ALP-A102 with a mountable wire frame base, moveable adjustable fan and operates off the USB port. Includes power switch and USB cable removable at the fan end for transporting. Price $5.
http://1aoliou.c.alibaba.com
Food for the Brain Wave Machine
The next step in working with the Brain Wave Machine is to intentionally create a number of different brain wave patterns using the Propeller chips inside Big Brain.
One way to create machine neural activity is just by running a Propeller Spin program that performs some task. This however does not specifically isolate the neural machine pattern for one specific function. It may create machine neural activity for a number of functions.
Parallax has created the PEK - Propeller Eduction Lab. This excellent source includes a detailed book and software (available for download). The kit includes all necessary parts.
Propeller Education Kit Labs: Fundamentals Book v1.2 (.pdf)
http://www.parallax.com/Portals/0/Downloads/docs/prod/prop/PEKitLabs-v1.2.pdf
Propeller Education Kit Labs: Fundamentals Book v1.1 (.pdf)
http://www.parallax.com/Portals/0/Downloads/docs/prod/prop/PELabsFunBook-v1.1.pdf
PE Labs Fundamentals Source Code v1.2 (.zip)
http://www.parallax.com/Portals/0/Downloads/docs/prod/prop/SourceCodePEKitLabsFundamentalsv1.2.zip
PE Labs Fundamentals Source Code v1.1 (.zip)
http://www.parallax.com/Portals/0/Downloads/docs/prod/prop/PELabsFunCode-v1.1.zip
http://www.parallax.com/Store/Microcontrollers/PropellerKits/tabid/144/CategoryID/20/List/0/SortField/0/Level/a/ProductID/415/Default.aspx
Downloads and Resources
http://www.parallax.com/go/pekit
For example, looping...
To accomplish this, a series of small programs, each with a specific type of functioning, will exercise the range of activity based on varying functions.
Some activity anticipated includes the following:
Here is a sample program for toggling a pin
CON _clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x ' Feedback and PLL multiplier _xinfreq = 5_000_000 ' External oscillator = 5 MHz LEDs_START = 0 ' Start of I/O pin group for on/off signals LEDs_END = 15 ' End of I/O pin group for on/off signals PUSHBUTTON = 18 ' Pushbutton Input Pin PUB ButtonBlinkSpeed ' Main method '' Sends on/off (3.3 V / 0 V) signals at approximately 2 Hz. dira[LEDs_START..LEDs_END]~~ ' Set entire pin group to output repeat ' Endless loop ! outa[LEDs_START..LEDs_END] ' Change the state of pin group if ina[PUSHBUTTON] == 1 ' If pushbutton pressed waitcnt(clkfreq / 4 + cnt) ' Wait 1/4 second -> 2 Hz else ' If pushbutton not pressed waitcnt(clkfreq / 20 + cnt) ' Wait 1/20 second -> 10 HzThis is a pin shifter
VAR Byte pattern, divide PUB ShiftLedsLeft dira[9..4] ~~ divide := 5 repeat if pattern == 0 pattern := %11000000 if ina[22] == 1 divide ++ divide <#= 254 elseif ina[21] == 1 divide -- divide #>= 1 waitcnt(clkfreq/divide + cnt) outa[9..4] := pattern pattern >>= 1and this loop timer
CON _xinfreq = 5_000_000 _clkmode = xtal1 + pll1x VAR long seconds, minutes, hours, days, dT, T PUB GoodTimeCount dira[9..4]~~ dT := clkfreq T := cnt repeat T += dT waitcnt(T) seconds++ if seconds // 60 == 0 minutes++ if minutes == 60 minutes := 0 if seconds // 3600 == 0 hours++ if hours == 24 hours := 0 if seconds // 86400 == 0 days++ outa[9..4] := secondsRenaming Convention
This represents a renaming convention and a new paradigm in Big Brain. Processors inside Propeller chips, the artificial kind, is now known as intelligent neurons or Neuron Processors.
NPs must have high numbers and can work in parallel based on the design of the machine. NP Concept: they have all the functions of VPs and are more powerful than the previous Simplex Neuron. A more powerful Simplex Neuron can now be created.
Squelching the Monster
The computer is some kind of monster when it comes to emitting EMI and RFI. The sensitive BWM machine is simply overwhelmed within a one meter radius and any connection wires simply act like routers and broadcast antenna to carry and extend the electrical interference.
The solution is to use a BWM recording device placed after the variable amplifier and before the Isolation. This can record brain wave activity and play it back. There are various methods to achieve this.
analog magnetic tape (SONY Walkman)
digital recording device (iPhone, SONY Camera)
The method for success was a remote SONY camera that did sound capture, while the computer was off. Then the audio portion was fed into the computer for processing and routing to the oscilloscope.
A wideband approach is now favored for a brain wave monitor machine to monitor the brain waves from a machine brain.
The BWM requires only one channel which can be converted from sound to a waveform over time. This will waveform compress or waveform slice over time.
At least for now, only one directional probe is needed to pick up machine brain waves, unlike the human brain wave monitor that requires many sensors across the scalp.
In the case where multiple props run multiple varying code, some design additions may be forthcoming. For now the Big Brain is being explored in single or parallel mode with similar one test programs.
Techniques
Compression
Slicing
New BWM built with a Parallax Propeller PEK
and a P-1010.
A more sensitive and dedicated Brain Wave Monitor is now in place. It's made from the parts of a Pobnze P-1010. The module is set to MW at 525 KHz on the 525 to 1610 KHz band. It's setup on batteries to avoid any power line interference. The battery voltage is 3-volts and is compatible with the Propeller chip power source. The P-1010 was $4.62 with batteries.
Using the new Brain Wave Monitor v2.0
Time is along the Y-axis
It looks like a genetic marker but it's the new BWM imprint. This test uses the new single channel BWM and front end iSpectrum with a 1KHz marker and a non-oscilloscope mode to imprint the L to R waveforms from 884Hz to 1.7KHz. Note the four modes of brain waves created by the sequences in MOV02794, first phase at bottom. Bandwidth is held steady at 0.9KHz and normalized using a Blackman analysis with no average. Input gain was set to -10.0 db. Time is along the Y-axis.
Rotated and enlarged with time along the X-axis
Use of the new Big Brain's backup system with OSX's Time Machine is completely automatic making an incremental backup every 30 minutes onto a one TeraBYTE hard drive. The system hard drive for backup serves as both backup and archive. Work continues even as backups are being made with no noticeable slow down in computing.
BWM Setup
This is the demonstration setup of a Propeller Brain Wave Monitor. The circuit is derived from the PEK with one power LED, one output pin LED, a reset pushbutton and a programmable pushbutton.
Power supply for the BWM circuit
_________________
Two frequencies are set for pin output depending if the button is pressed and held down or not. When switched, the LED flashing frequency is greater.
For wiring the circuit, place one LED on any pin from 0 through 15 inclusive (pin 3 chosen) and pushbutton circuit on pin 18. See wiring schematic below.
Wiring schematic for one LED and a pushbutton
______________________
BWM Code
'' First Big Brain BWM Test CON _clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x ' Feedback and PLL multiplier _xinfreq = 5_000_000 ' External oscillator = 5 MHz LEDs_START = 0 ' Start of I/O pin group for on/off signals LEDs_END = 15 ' End of I/O pin group for on/off signals PUSHBUTTON = 18 ' Pushbutton Input Pin PUB ButtonBlinkSpeed ' Main method '' Sends on/off (3.3 V / 0 V) signals at approximately 2 Hz. dira[LEDs_START..LEDs_END]~~ ' Set entire pin group to output repeat ' Endless loop ! outa[LEDs_START..LEDs_END] ' Change the state of pin group if ina[PUSHBUTTON] == 1 ' If pushbutton pressed waitcnt(clkfreq / 4 + cnt) ' Wait 1/4 second -> 2 Hz else ' If pushbutton not pressed waitcnt(clkfreq / 20 + cnt) ' Wait 1/20 second -> 10 HzStates
This is a four state circuit.
The main circuit has a 32K EEPROM for storing the program and a 5MHz crystal for running the 80MHz program to establish a precision clock
__________________
Source
Parallax PEK, Propeller Education Lab "PE Platform Setup
http://www.parallax.com/go/pekit PushbuttonLedTest.spin
Many thanks to Parallax for making the PEK materials available at their web site.
http://www.parallax.com/Store/Microcontrollers/PropellerKits/tabid/144/CategoryID/20/List/0/SortField/0/Level/a/ProductID/415/Default.aspx
Wiring is a cinch with this pictorial and a solderless breadboard
The new BWM appears to have wide spectral band response. The Brain Waves are picked up broad band across 500 KHz up to around 1,000 KHz with greatest sensitivity around 500 KHz.
The broadband signal characteristics will determine the function and activity level inside the brain. Therefore only one channel is needed at this time. So far, brain activity for pin status, varying cps pin output and reset is tested. The test uses both visual and sound output, visual from the LED monitor and sound from the BWM.
BWM output, combined with a Propeller chip circuit includes LED output, sound output, volume, tuning, band selection, power options for on/off, probe, external 3-volt DC power supply and internal 3-volts batteries. The Propeller circuit alters the frequency with two choices, and provides a pushbutton to suspend the prop in reset or release it for boot.