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Battery Power - Polymer Li-Ion (Poly-Li) — Parallax Forums

Battery Power - Polymer Li-Ion (Poly-Li)

Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
edited 2006-11-13 21:55 in BASIC Stamp
Has anyone ever used or have any advise regarding using this type of battery for projects - like on a BOE-BOT or home brew unit using BOE?

I have been looking at various sites and I am considering a 7.4 1050 pack (http://www.batteryspace.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=2364) and charger(http://www.batteryspace.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=1230) but I would like to know if others have been successful / satisfied using these newer technology batteries.

As always, any suggestions or recommendations would be welcome and appreciated.

TIA,
Paul

Comments

  • Kenny GardnerKenny Gardner Posts: 169
    edited 2006-03-09 20:29
    That particular pack doesn't have the Protection Board which is needed to keep from over charging and over dis-charging (to keep it from blowing up).

    I bought the 2450mAh version

    http://www.batteryspace.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=1224

    but haven't used it yet.

    Kenny
    ·
  • Paul BakerPaul Baker Posts: 6,351
    edited 2006-03-09 20:59
    Yes the most important thing to consider when using rechargeable lithium batteries is over-current protection (charge or discharge). If they execced a certain temperature gases form in the cell causing it to explode as already suggested, and it is extremely reactive and caustic stuff that is spattered everywhere making bleach look like deionized water. Lithium itself is a highly reactive element and will dissociate water (2Li + 2H20 -> 2LiOH + H2 + heat, I think this is the correct balanced chemical equation) and can cause severe burns.

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    ·1+1=10

    Post Edited (Paul Baker) : 3/9/2006 9:09:58 PM GMT
  • Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
    edited 2006-03-10 13:50
    Kenny Gardner said...
    That particular pack doesn't have the Protection Board which is needed to keep from over charging and over dis-charging (to keep it from blowing up).

    I bought the 2450mAh version

    http://www.batteryspace.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=1224

    but haven't used it yet.

    Kenny

    Thanks for the feedback

    I am aware that I also need to get the board - which I certainly will - interesting that they only list 1 amp or 5 amp boards - can't decide which to buy!

    Decisions, decisions!

    Paul
  • LoopyBytelooseLoopyByteloose Posts: 12,537
    edited 2006-03-10 14:41
    A ways back, I bought a 4 channel electric glider that uses the 7.4v lithium batteries. I really like the batteries as they recharge quickly and they are ideal for the voltage regulators on a BasicStamp and they aren't big.

    I bought a second one at a local hobby shop. For some reason, I used it about 4-5 times and it swelled up like a pregnant guppy.· I was quite disappointed as I had paid a lot for it, but the literature is quite clear about explosions from ignoring the warning signs.

    So, I disposed of it and still have the one.

    They look the same, but I still wonder why one went bad so quickly and the other seems fine.· From looking at the site, I do see that there are 'protector boards' which seem like the best way to protect your investment as well as yourself.

    I think that I expected the same charger to work for both batteries, but it really wasn't right for the second one.

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    "When all think alike, no one is thinking very much.' - Walter Lippmann (1889-1974)

    ······································································ Warm regards,····· G. Herzog [noparse][[/noparse]·黃鶴 ]·in Taiwan

    Post Edited (Kramer) : 3/10/2006 3:31:56 PM GMT
  • Buck RogersBuck Rogers Posts: 2,178
    edited 2006-03-10 15:10
    Kramer said...
    A ways back, I bought a 4 channel electric glider that uses the 7.4v lithium batteries. I really like the batteries as they recharge quickly they are ideal for the voltage regulators on a BasicStamp and they aren't big.

    I bought a second one at a local hobby shop. For some reason, I used it about 4-5 times and it swelled up like a pregnant guppy.
    I was quite disappoint as I had paid a lot for it, but the literature is quite clear about explosions from ignoring the warning signs.

    So, I disposed of it and still have the one.

    They look the same, but I still wonder why one went bad so quickly and the other seems fine.
    Hello!
    Yes. Li-Poly batters have a bad habit of doing that. It's the one thing that the designers still have not completely worked out, even for large packs. However the ones that the iPods use seem to be working. Even though they've got a lousy charge/discharge cycle. Much of this I learned from reading a large amount of good books on robotics, never actually reached the point of doing something with the gadgetry until now.



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    Buck Rogers

    www.gregg.levine.name
  • Paul BakerPaul Baker Posts: 6,351
    edited 2006-03-10 17:14
    Paul, it you purchase the appropriate charger, you shouldn't worry about over charging the pack. What you need to worry about is over draining, wrt both current and voltage. If I were to use such a pack, whether it had an integrated board or not (I tend to not trust in other peoples solutions when there is a risk of bodily harm), I would use a LDO voltage regulator with overcurrent protection to supply the end electronics. Using a Low drop out version will enable using servos at 7V (using a 7V regulator) and the overcurrent protection feature will prevent too much current being drained from the battery at once. When the battery voltage drops below the regulator's minimum input voltage, the regulator will shutdown preventing the battery voltage from dropping so low to create a reverse bias situation in the battery (ruining it in the process). For the 5V regulator you could daisy chain it from the 7V regulator if you want the application to shut down completely once the battery voltage drops to 7V or you can put it in parallel if you want the 5V electronics to continue running after the servos can no longer function. If you do the parallel regulators, make sure the sum of the two overcurrent protection ratings do not exceed the batteries current discharge rating.

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    ·1+1=10
  • Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
    edited 2006-03-10 17:28
    Paul Baker said...
    Paul, it you purchase the appropriate charger, you shouldn't worry about over charging the pack. What you need to worry about is over draining, wrt both current and voltage. If I were to use such a pack, whether it had an integrated board or not (I tend to not trust in other peoples solutions when there is a risk of bodily harm), I would use a LDO voltage regulator with overcurrent protection to supply the end electronics. Using a Low drop out version will enable using servos at 7V (using a 7V regulator) and the overcurrent protection feature will prevent too much current being drained from the battery at once. When the battery voltage drops below the regulator's minimum input voltage, the regulator will shutdown preventing the battery voltage from dropping so low to create a reverse bias situation in the battery (ruining it in the process). For the 5V regulator you could daisy chain it from the 7V regulator if you want the application to shut down completely once the battery voltage drops to 7V or you can put it in parallel if you want the 5V electronics to continue running after the servos can no longer function. If you do the parallel regulators, make sure the sum of the two overcurrent protection ratings do not exceed the batteries current discharge rating.

    Paul, Thanks for the input. I do understand what you are saying, but my rusty old skills aren't at (or anywhere near) the level yours are at so my tendency would be to select the appropriate protection ciruit board that the vendor (batteryspace.com) lists . From what I have read, they pretty much conform to the important points you mentioned. Would you feel unsafe using theirs vs. your own brew?
  • Paul BakerPaul Baker Posts: 6,351
    edited 2006-03-10 17:29
    If you are uncertain about your skills, go with the pre-rolled solution, at least you can sue them if it blows up in your face [noparse];)[/noparse]

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    ·1+1=10
  • Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
    edited 2006-03-10 17:50
    Paul Baker said...
    If you are uncertain about your skills, go with the pre-rolled solution, at least you can sue them if it blows up in your face [noparse];)[/noparse]

    How comforting!!

    Kidding...

    Thanks, Paul
  • Kenny GardnerKenny Gardner Posts: 169
    edited 2006-03-10 20:53
    go with the pre-rolled solution

    That's why I bought the pack with the Protection board already installed. For awhile there, they were having you sign a disclaimer saying that you know what you are doing or they wouldn't sell you the batteries. They've got so many warnings about these batteries that I was afraid to buy one redface.gif

    Kenny
    ·
  • Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
    edited 2006-03-10 21:25
    Kenny Gardner said...
    go with the pre-rolled solution


    That's why I bought the pack with the Protection board already installed. For awhile there, they were having you sign a disclaimer saying that you know what you are doing or they wouldn't sell you the batteries. They've got so many warnings about these batteries that I was afraid to buy one redface.gif



    Kenny

    Yep, that's what I did.

    Thanks!
  • LoopyBytelooseLoopyByteloose Posts: 12,537
    edited 2006-03-11 09:34
    Hi guys,
    I just came back from the local electronics supply, lots of single 3.7 volt lithium cells, but no protection boards. And no single cell chargers. I suppose they are just trying to cell replacement products.

    But, you can get very good single, double, triple cell chargers via the R/C Electric airplane crowd. These come in adjustible outputs too. So you can handle an array of sizes.

    I have a low-voltage device that was originally intended for a BEAM robot, but it seems just ideal for keeping Lithium batteries above their 2 volt per cell minimum. The BasicStamp shuts down at 4.5 volts, so the Protection Board [noparse][[/noparse]at the battery] seems like the best way to avoid trouble in multiple cells.

    In a single cell appliction, you can run an SX-28 at 3.7volts with EEPROM and a lot of other logic. So, you would merely need to detect short circuits, reverse polarity [noparse][[/noparse]?]·and low voltage. It think I could do that on my own.

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    "When all think alike, no one is thinking very much.' - Walter Lippmann (1889-1974)

    ······································································ Warm regards,····· G. Herzog [noparse][[/noparse]·黃鶴 ]·in Taiwan

    Post Edited (Kramer) : 3/11/2006 10:23:51 AM GMT
  • FlyingFishFingerFlyingFishFinger Posts: 461
    edited 2006-03-13 06:44
    Kinda off topic, but I have SLA's swelling...it happened twice and I had to dispose of them...
    Any idea what I might be doing wrong? The funny theing is had never used them due to time-constraints...???
    Rafael
  • LoopyBytelooseLoopyByteloose Posts: 12,537
    edited 2006-03-13 08:06
    SLAs - Sealed Lead Acid batteries, right?

    I think they have about a 3year shelf life, even if not used.
    Obviously the swelling is caused by pressure. The pressure is caused by a change from liquid to gas.

    Sometimes gas is created by too high a charge rate. With lead acid, they are designed to reabsorb some degree of gas, but when you go over the limit it may not be possilbe.

    The real question is whether they are full of gas in a charged state or discharged state.
    If already charged, you might just use and watch them to see if the problem goes away.

    Stlll, it is far safer to buy new fresh product than to use old doubtful ones. You may of bought surplus that was beyond its useful life.

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    "When all think alike, no one is thinking very much.' - Walter Lippmann (1889-1974)

    ······································································ Warm regards,····· G. Herzog [noparse][[/noparse]·黃鶴 ]·in Taiwan

    Post Edited (Kramer) : 3/13/2006 8:09:52 AM GMT
  • Bruce BatesBruce Bates Posts: 3,045
    edited 2006-03-13 08:20
    Rafael -

    Sealed lead acid batteries can swell for a number of reasons, and many of these reason can be inter-related and inter-woven. One may be caused by another, or one may cause another. Unless one knows the entire battery history, and the environmental and charging conditions, it would be difficult to come up with just one answer. However, here are the general causes of SLA battery swelling in my experience:

    Internal pressure too high, vents clogged - SLA cases swell or bulge when the cell vent valves maintain an internal pressure that is greater than the outer (atmospheric) pressure. These vents are designed to release the gasses formed during charging or a high rate of discharge. If/when they fail to do so successfully, case swelling will result.

    Exceedingly high temperature - Extremes of temperature, caused by ambient conditions, too high a charge rate (either during regular charging or top-up maintenance), or too high a discharge rate (shorted terminals) can cause the entire contents of the SLA to over-heat and expand. Conditions like these can cause a fatal battery explosion!

    Thermal runaway - Battery is continuously charged at too high a rate, which causes over-heating. Due to this over-heating the internal battery resistance will change, and may in turn cause an increase in the charge rate. This can then become self-feeding, and if/when it does, swelling of the case can and will occur, ending in the eventual destruction of the battery.

    Over-extended life - Very old SLA batteries may self-destruct if they are not disposed of in an appropriate and timely fashion once they have reached their normal end-of-life. There will be a breakdown of the internal components, particulaly if the vents have become sealed over time. A seemingly DEAD battery can become quite a dangerous LIVE MESS! This is one reason why SLA batteries are usually dated in some manner.

    I'm sure there are others as well, but those are the reasons with which I'm most familiar. My own extended service experience with them has been in emergency lighting, fire and security system, and UPS system applications. Other applications may differ as well.

    Regards,

    Bruce Bates

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  • LoopyBytelooseLoopyByteloose Posts: 12,537
    edited 2006-03-13 09:47
    It really doesn't matter what kind of SEALED battery you are talking about - if it is swelling, it is dangerous.

    Lithium batteries seem to be more forceful than most due the their higher 'energy density', but all contain caustic and toxic chemicals.

    When they get fat, they should be recycled.

    I posted in another thread that Lithium batteries also suffer permanent damage from just getting too hot. After that, they hold less charge. It seems directly related to the Lithium Polymer chemistry.

    So you might want to use a DS1620 chip [noparse][[/noparse]from Parallax] to turn off your charger if your batteries are getting too warm during unattended charging.·[noparse][[/noparse]The surface of the chip has to touch the batteries being charged.]·Over 30 degrees Celcius is probably unneeded and should be·avoided.·Lithium certainly gets a reduced life at 40 degrees C.·I think the same thing is true for NiMh and NiCads, but they are much less expensive to replace. A good 7.4 volt Lithium battery can cost $60USD!

    Vents can become clogged on old batteries by storing batterys upside down or on their side. You just never know who did what before you got it.

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    "When all think alike, no one is thinking very much.' - Walter Lippmann (1889-1974)

    ······································································ Warm regards,····· G. Herzog [noparse][[/noparse]·黃鶴 ]·in Taiwan

    Post Edited (Kramer) : 3/13/2006 9:52:42 AM GMT
  • PhilippineEaglePhilippineEagle Posts: 8
    edited 2006-11-11 03:51
    Hi, I'm building a NiMh and NiCd battery charger using the BS2. I want to monitor the current going through the battery so that it doesn't exceed 1A. I don't want to use A/D converter, just the RC time function of the BS2. My initial idea is to a 1 ohm resistor to sense the current and to convert it to a voltage. But my next problem is how to read the voltage. The 'threshold' of the RC time function, from the manual for the BS2, is 1.5V. Any suggestions?
  • John R.John R. Posts: 1,376
    edited 2006-11-11 11:54
    Kramer said...
    during unattended charging.

    Unattended charging LiPo batteries is really not a good idea. One overcharge can destroy the battery, and that ignores the possibility of explosion.

    Like many technologies that "push the envelope", when used properly, they are safe and provide significant advantages over competing technologies. When not used properly, they will fail early in best case. In worst case, they can be dangerous.

    Also note that one over-discharge below the "threshold" voltage, and the battery can/will become useless.

    As indicated in other posts, the R/C aircraft world has lots of info and products available on these.

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    John R.

    8 + 8 = 10
  • Ken GraceyKen Gracey Posts: 7,387
    edited 2006-11-11 23:53
    Hello,

    I've read this thread with interest. Customers have often asked for a better (rechargable) power pack for the Boe-Bot. On Tuesday I·toured the·Sunda Battery in Zhuhai, China (http://www.zhxunda.com/). They've made an offer to make us a LiPo battery pack/charger for the Boe-Bot, designed to our specifications. Almost all of my battery experience is with lead acid except for the R/C airplanes, but the quicker LiPo charge rates offer more satisfaction for robotic products. The Boe-Bot chassis has a substantial space for a larger battery pack with more amp-hours of supply storage.

    I'm interested in what you might think of this idea. A few pictures are below.

    Ken Gracey
    Parallax, Inc.
    450 x 338 - 47K
  • PhilippineEaglePhilippineEagle Posts: 8
    edited 2006-11-13 13:55
    Thanks for your reply.

    I'm actually more interested in a charger for·NiCd and NiMH only.· I have one that comes from China but it takes 14 hours to fully charge the batteries.· I'm thinking of building one that will take only 30 mins to an hour.

    I hope I don't overcharge the battery which is why I want to use the BS2 to monitor the current and the voltage of the battery.
  • John R.John R. Posts: 1,376
    edited 2006-11-13 16:08
    Ken Gracey (Parallax) said...
    Hello,

    I've read this thread with interest. Customers have often asked for a better (rechargable) power pack for the Boe-Bot. On Tuesday I toured the Sunda Battery in Zhuhai, China (http://www.zhxunda.com/). They've made an offer to make us a LiPo battery pack/charger for the Boe-Bot, designed to our specifications. Almost all of my battery experience is with lead acid except for the R/C airplanes, but the quicker LiPo charge rates offer more satisfaction for robotic products. The Boe-Bot chassis has a substantial space for a larger battery pack with more amp-hours of supply storage.

    I'm interested in what you might think of this idea. A few pictures are below.

    Ken Gracey
    Parallax, Inc.

    I'm not a boe-bot user, but have been exposed to LiPos directly via electric helicopters (These things are marginal for outdoor use in Wisconsin, unless you are really good with them). I've got one that came with a automatic "Balanced" charger, and one with a "manual" charger (the directions say "charge until warm"). I've been careful with mine, but the hobby shop is surprised I haven't ruined the battery. Based on all the other parts I've had to purchase, he said most other users would have needed two or three batteries by now because they don't monitor the battery during charge (you'd think they'd learn, wouldn't you?) He didn't have reports of any explosions, just swelled and disfunctional battery packs.

    I would strongly recommend some type of "automatic" charger in order to ensure reliability (and safety).

    Are there any problems running servos with 7.4 Volts (as opposed to7.2 Volts)? I've seen some newer servo specs list 7.4 volts, and realize the difference is "trivial", but am curious.

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    John R.

    8 + 8 = 10
  • allanlane5allanlane5 Posts: 3,815
    edited 2006-11-13 16:14
    Several things affect the life of a servo. They're designed for 5 to 6 volts, so you can use them with 4 Alkaline, or 5 Ni-Cd, or 5 Ni-Mh batteries.

    I believe 9 volts DC or higher will 'kill' the electronics inside a servo.

    7.2 volts is a common rechargeable battery pack voltage. This is a little 'hotter' than the 6 volt design limit -- but apparently the electronics inside most servos will handle this. The problem with this voltage is 'sparking' and heating inside the electric motor inside the servo, so its life will be reduced. By how much I don't know. I would expect 7.4 volts to have a similar effect.
  • T!T! Posts: 17
    edited 2006-11-13 18:30
    I have been using Li-Pos for RC applications (ground and air) for a little while now, hundreds of recharges.· Other people in our area are also using them, I would venture to say on an average race (off road) night there are easily 100 Li-Po batteries being charged, unattended, during the evening.· Using a proper charger I do not think we have had a single swelling or disruptive failure.· A few battery packs have failed, but they just quit taking a charge and that well could have been from excessively deep discharge, some people do not understand how hard this is on Li-Pos.

    The key is to use a charger designed for Li-Po use.· The only charging problems I personally have seen are when someone tries to use a NiMH or NiCad charger on Li-Pos.

    I have a dual cell GWS 7.4 V 2200 mAh pack running my Boe-Bot.· It is lighter and smaller than a 4 cell AA pack, and last longer.

    As for the potential problem with servos running on 7.4 V, simple fix.· Run the servos on the regulated 5 VDC.

    T!
  • John AbshierJohn Abshier Posts: 1,116
    edited 2006-11-13 21:15
    A stronger battery for the Sumo Bot would be useful.
  • GadgetmanGadgetman Posts: 2,436
    edited 2006-11-13 21:55
    Sparkfun.com has a few different size Li-po cells, and chargers...

    Their smallest is a 3.6V/100mAH, and it's the size of a small postage stamp.
    (It'll go into a RC-blimp when I get the time to play with it and locate someone who sells Helium around here.... ) They also have a postage stamp sized charger for it.

    Their 2000mAH/3.7V cell is rated at a 2C discharge and only weighs in at 36grams...

    As one review states, "Two of these guys pushed 8 servos 'simultaneoustly' without even flickering'

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