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airspeed measurement — Parallax Forums

airspeed measurement

ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
edited 2002-01-08 20:12 in General Discussion
I am trying to measure airspeed on a radio controlled airplane. I think I
need to connect a differential pressure transducer to an A/D to a BS2. The
differential pressure transducer will measure the difference between
oncoming air pressure vs. local air pressure.
3 questions:
1. Has anyone tried this and have any tips or suggestions?
2. What range 0 to ? psi transducer would I need given that I want to
measure speeds up to 60 mph?
3. Any suggestions on where to find small, light weight, inexpensive
differential transducers.
Thanks for any help.
- Alex

Comments

  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2001-11-06 23:06
    I was just looking at a Delta P transducer in Newark. It is about $19.00 and
    is a Motorola MPX5500DP.
    I'd have to set down and calculate what the stagnation pressure would be at
    60 to 100 mph to determine what range you should use.
    Let me know how it works out.
    You can get data sheets and app notes at the Motorola site.
    Original Message
    From: Alex Sulkowski <asulkowski@a...>
    To: <basicstamps@yahoogroups.com>
    Sent: Tuesday, November 06, 2001 9:54 AM
    Subject: [noparse][[/noparse]basicstamps] airspeed measurement


    > I am trying to measure airspeed on a radio controlled airplane. I think I
    > need to connect a differential pressure transducer to an A/D to a BS2.
    The
    > differential pressure transducer will measure the difference between
    > oncoming air pressure vs. local air pressure.
    > 3 questions:
    > 1. Has anyone tried this and have any tips or suggestions?
    > 2. What range 0 to ? psi transducer would I need given that I want to
    > measure speeds up to 60 mph?
    > 3. Any suggestions on where to find small, light weight, inexpensive
    > differential transducers.
    > Thanks for any help.
    > - Alex
    >
    > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
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    Body of the message will be ignored.
    >
    >
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    >
    >
    >
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2001-11-07 04:53
    Hi,

    the simple calculation is to take a Pitot tube,
    and put the high and low pressues into a differential
    pressure transmitter.

    the square root of the differential pressure times
    4005 will yield feet per minute.

    This is cheap and dirty as it does not allow
    for air density (temperature and pressure)
    but assumes you are at 50% humidity
    at 29.92 inches of mercury barometric pressure
    and at 69 deg F.

    Anyone who flys knows air density and temperatre
    are major factors in air speed calculations.
    If you want a more detailed formula, let me know.

    btw, NASA uses a Pitot tube on the Space Shuttle
    so you are on the right track.

    you may want to look for a pressure sensor that measures
    in inches of water, not PSI. ONE inch of water
    differential pressure is equal to 4005 Feet per minute
    as above, TWO inches is about 5,664 FPM or slightly over
    60 miles per hour. SEVEN inches is close to 100 MPH.
    There are 27.72 inches of water in one PSI, so your
    60 to 100 miles per hour will be in the
    less than one PSI range.

    For simplicity I rounded everything to integers
    so don't use this as gospel.

    Dave





    --- In basicstamps@y..., Alex Sulkowski <asulkowski@a...> wrote:
    > I am trying to measure airspeed on a radio controlled airplane. I
    think I
    > need to connect a differential pressure transducer to an A/D to a
    BS2. The
    > differential pressure transducer will measure the difference between
    > oncoming air pressure vs. local air pressure.
    > 3 questions:
    > 1. Has anyone tried this and have any tips or suggestions?
    > 2. What range 0 to ? psi transducer would I need given that I
    want to
    > measure speeds up to 60 mph?
    > 3. Any suggestions on where to find small, light weight,
    inexpensive
    > differential transducers.
    > Thanks for any help.
    > - Alex
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2001-11-07 17:34
    My suggestion would be a very small dc motor with a vane on it
    and a tube running from the leading edge of one of the wings down
    to blow on the vane. The faster the air moves, the faster the vane
    rotates, the more voltage the motor (generator mode) produces.
    Record readings by holding the sensor out the window of your car
    (with caution) and reading the speedo to see if it gives you the
    range and accuracy you need.

    This motor would need to be one that would run on less than 6
    volts and very low torque. The lower the torque, the weaker the
    magnets, the less force required to make it turn. . .you get the
    idea. . .

    P.S. This is one method used in planes to record airspeed.

    On 6 Nov 2001, at 9:54, Alex Sulkowski wrote:

    > I am trying to measure airspeed on a radio controlled airplane. I
    > think I need to connect a differential pressure transducer to an A/D
    > to a BS2. The differential pressure transducer will measure the
    > difference between oncoming air pressure vs. local air pressure. 3
    > questions: 1. Has anyone tried this and have any tips or suggestions?
    > 2. What range 0 to ? psi transducer would I need given that I want to
    > measure speeds up to 60 mph? 3. Any suggestions on where to find
    > small, light weight, inexpensive differential transducers. Thanks for
    > any help. - Alex
    >
    > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > basicstamps-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
    > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the Subject
    > and Body of the message will be ignored.
    >
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    > http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
    >
    >
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2001-11-08 13:18
    Hi Alex,

    I was thinking about the air speed measuring and
    thought about a couple other solutions.

    I really like the motor acting as a generator idea
    and a rotometer is what is used in the petrolium inductry
    to measure Custody Transfer, as they are (or can be) so
    accuate.

    Vortex Shedding is another method, and one that offers
    itself to air speed. In Star Trek Voyager, in the opening
    credits Voyager flies through a stellar cloud and
    leaves a 'wake' that has alternate swirls. That is the
    effect caused by air or gas or liguid passing a bluff body.
    the air has a high pressure on one side and low on the other
    and there is a push form high to low. this then changes
    and the low side gets a higher pressure and the high goes
    low. Anyway, the resulting back and forth pulsations
    can be measured by a piezio as alternating
    high/low pressure. The rate of pulses are linear to
    speed, so all you are left with is to calibrate for
    air density.

    I am not sure of the rate of pulses, but I would assume
    that they would be too fast to monitor directly with
    a stamp.

    This is one of the ways used by auto manufacturers
    to measure air flow into the engine. That means
    that a rough sensor unit may be had at a used auto
    parts supply.

    Dave




    --- In basicstamps@y..., Alex Sulkowski <asulkowski@a...> wrote:
    > I am trying to measure airspeed on a radio controlled airplane. I
    think I
    > need to connect a differential pressure transducer to an A/D to a
    BS2. The
    > differential pressure transducer will measure the difference between
    > oncoming air pressure vs. local air pressure.
    > 3 questions:
    > 1. Has anyone tried this and have any tips or suggestions?
    > 2. What range 0 to ? psi transducer would I need given that I
    want to
    > measure speeds up to 60 mph?
    > 3. Any suggestions on where to find small, light weight,
    inexpensive
    > differential transducers.
    > Thanks for any help.
    > - Alex
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2001-11-09 16:43
    Thanks for the responses on airspeed measurement from Scott, Dave, and John.

    Dave, I think I'm going to stick with the pressure sensor because the piezo
    method you described is a little beyond my abilities.

    Thanks again to all.
    - Alex
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-01 14:08
    Hi!

    As some other folks on this list I'm building a speedometer for RC
    aircrafts. After my hardware is roughly finished I started to
    investigate calibration and accurracy. I'm using a pitot tube and a
    MPX2010 pressure sensor, with a LTC1298 AD.
    I found out that air density varies approx from 1.15 to 1.3 kg/m3,
    for temperatures between 0 to 40C in dry air.

    Does anyone know how barometric pressure and humidity affects air
    density, although my engineeering library is extensive I can't seen
    to find any figures on that.

    If anyone else is working on similar projects, it would be fun to
    hear your ideas or opinions.


    /Douglas
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-01 15:51
    Douglas
    Try to find documentation and explanations over the
    MOLLIER diagram. It is a matter too extensive to explain by mail in my
    elementary english.
    Regards
    ECO
    Original Message
    From: "goggaz1" <rdo@s...>
    To: <basicstamps@yahoogroups.com>
    Sent: Tuesday, January 01, 2002 3:08 PM
    Subject: [noparse][[/noparse]basicstamps] Airspeed measurement


    >
    > Hi!
    >
    > As some other folks on this list I'm building a speedometer for RC
    > aircrafts. After my hardware is roughly finished I started to
    > investigate calibration and accurracy. I'm using a pitot tube and a
    > MPX2010 pressure sensor, with a LTC1298 AD.
    > I found out that air density varies approx from 1.15 to 1.3 kg/m3,
    > for temperatures between 0 to 40C in dry air.
    >
    > Does anyone know how barometric pressure and humidity affects air
    > density, although my engineeering library is extensive I can't seen
    > to find any figures on that.
    >
    > If anyone else is working on similar projects, it would be fun to
    > hear your ideas or opinions.
    >
    >
    > /Douglas
    >
    >
    > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > basicstamps-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
    > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the Subject and Body
    of the message will be ignored.
    >
    >
    > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
    >
    >
    >
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-01 21:13
    Hello Douglas,

    Fascinating project.

    Maybe it would be helpful to use a pair of sensors: one for the pitot and one
    for a static reading, as in the full
    scale instrument. I think the idea is to take a differential reading between
    the sensor on the static line and the
    sensor on the pitot line, so that most variables other than airspeed (e.g.
    altitude effects) cancel out.

    Will you transmit the data back to earth? Or is this for a flight recorder type
    data logger?

    Best, Michael




    ECO wrote:

    > Douglas
    > Try to find documentation and explanations over the
    > MOLLIER diagram. It is a matter too extensive to explain by mail in my
    elementary english.
    > Regards
    > ECO
    >
    Original Message
    > From: "goggaz1" <rdo@s...>
    > To: <basicstamps@yahoogroups.com>
    > Sent: Tuesday, January 01, 2002 3:08 PM
    > Subject: [noparse][[/noparse]basicstamps] Airspeed measurement
    >
    > >
    > > Hi!
    > >
    > > As some other folks on this list I'm building a speedometer for RC
    > > aircrafts. After my hardware is roughly finished I started to
    > > investigate calibration and accurracy. I'm using a pitot tube and a
    > > MPX2010 pressure sensor, with a LTC1298 AD.
    > > I found out that air density varies approx from 1.15 to 1.3 kg/m3,
    > > for temperatures between 0 to 40C in dry air.
    > >
    > > Does anyone know how barometric pressure and humidity affects air
    > > density, although my engineeering library is extensive I can't seen
    > > to find any figures on that.
    > >
    > > If anyone else is working on similar projects, it would be fun to
    > > hear your ideas or opinions.
    > >
    > >
    > > /Douglas
    > >
    > >
    > > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > > basicstamps-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
    > > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the Subject and
    Body of the message will be ignored.
    > >
    > >
    > > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
    > >
    > >
    > >
    >
    > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > basicstamps-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
    > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the Subject and Body
    of the message will be ignored.
    >
    >
    > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-02 19:14
    Thanks for your answers, Michael and ECO

    ECO:
    My MOLLIER diagrams (a have a few) only shows for properties at sea
    level, I guess air is lighter the higher you get, but how much?
    My search goes on, NASA has a good but very big website....[noparse]:)[/noparse])

    Michael:
    Could you cancel out the barometric effects?
    The setup with two sensors have crossed my mind, one for barometric
    pressure (height above sea level) and one for airspeed. However, I'm
    limited by size and weight, we'll se what comes out of it...
    Transmitting it to earth is in the plans, it removes any code, weight
    and space for the eeprom. BUT: any RC pilot is very scared of radio
    interference, any it would be a very effective way to be sure to
    always fly alone [noparse]:)[/noparse]...
    I will definately try anyway!

    Sincerelly!

    /Douglas

    --- In basicstamps@y..., Michael Gianturco <michcg@m...> wrote:
    > Hello Douglas,
    >
    > Fascinating project.
    >
    > Maybe it would be helpful to use a pair of sensors: one for the
    pitot and one for a static reading, as in the full
    > scale instrument. I think the idea is to take a differential
    reading between the sensor on the static line and the
    > sensor on the pitot line, so that most variables other than
    airspeed (e.g. altitude effects) cancel out.
    >
    > Will you transmit the data back to earth? Or is this for a flight
    recorder type data logger?
    >
    > Best, Michael
    >
    >
    >
    >
    > ECO wrote:
    >
    > > Douglas
    > > Try to find documentation and explanations over the
    > > MOLLIER diagram. It is a matter too extensive to explain by mail
    in my elementary english.
    > > Regards
    > > ECO
    > >
    Original Message
    > > From: "goggaz1" <rdo@s...>
    > > To: <basicstamps@y...>
    > > Sent: Tuesday, January 01, 2002 3:08 PM
    > > Subject: [noparse][[/noparse]basicstamps] Airspeed measurement
    > >
    > > >
    > > > Hi!
    > > >
    > > > As some other folks on this list I'm building a speedometer for
    RC
    > > > aircrafts. After my hardware is roughly finished I started to
    > > > investigate calibration and accurracy. I'm using a pitot tube
    and a
    > > > MPX2010 pressure sensor, with a LTC1298 AD.
    > > > I found out that air density varies approx from 1.15 to 1.3
    kg/m3,
    > > > for temperatures between 0 to 40C in dry air.
    > > >
    > > > Does anyone know how barometric pressure and humidity affects
    air
    > > > density, although my engineeering library is extensive I can't
    seen
    > > > to find any figures on that.
    > > >
    > > > If anyone else is working on similar projects, it would be fun
    to
    > > > hear your ideas or opinions.
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > /Douglas
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > > > basicstamps-unsubscribe@y...
    > > > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the
    Subject and Body of the message will be ignored.
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
    http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
    > > >
    > > >
    > > >
    > >
    > > To UNSUBSCRIBE, just send mail to:
    > > basicstamps-unsubscribe@y...
    > > from the same email address that you subscribed. Text in the
    Subject and Body of the message will be ignored.
    > >
    > >
    > > Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
    http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-02 19:21
    For Douglas

    If you live near a small airport go there as see if you can get airspeed
    calibration calculators. These are like a circular slide rule - you set in
    temp, pressure and altitude and the calculator does the work for you.

    Sid
  • ArchiverArchiver Posts: 46,084
    edited 2002-01-08 20:12
    Hi
    I would suggest that you determine the indicated air speed for your
    application.I will try to enclose 4 data sheets which I think will be
    helpful.In effect you will measure the ambient static pressure and
    the pressure impacting the pitot tube and from a lookup table
    determine the indicated speed of the aircraft.The artcle address the
    problem of determing the air speed of a small plane and should be
    helpful I don't think that I can insert the pages I want to send
    you.My email address is durango2@j... contact me and I will
    email the 4 pages.--- In basicstamps@y..., "goggaz1" <rdo@s...> wrote:
    > Hi!
    >
    > As some other folks on this list I'm building a speedometer for RC
    > aircrafts. After my hardware is roughly finished I started to
    > investigate calibration and accurracy. I'm using a pitot tube and a
    > MPX2010 pressure sensor, with a LTC1298 AD.
    > I found out that air density varies approx from 1.15 to 1.3 kg/m3,
    > for temperatures between 0 to 40C in dry air.
    >
    > Does anyone know how barometric pressure and humidity affects air
    > density, although my engineeering library is extensive I can't seen
    > to find any figures on that.
    >
    > If anyone else is working on similar projects, it would be fun to
    > hear your ideas or opinions.
    >
    >
    > /Douglas
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