Give me a sign

rjo__

I've been playing with this so long... it has become a blur.

I have a nifty BNO055 absolute position sensor with sensor fusion. It reports linear acceleration as signed 16bit integers.
When I display these values over serial, the signs are lost. Actual negative values are reported as the two's complement form... and appear as positive values. And if I do arithmetic on these values, the result appears as though the two's complement form of the negative values is actually a positive integer being operated upon.

What to do?

DavidZemon

sounds like your prpgram is interpreting the values as 32-bit or 16-bit unsigned. can we see your code?

gis667en11

Yeah it might be a sign extension issue. A negative number would need the upper 16 bits set to $FF. I'm pretty new to Prop, but something like:

NegMask = $0080

if ReadValue AND NegMask = $0080
then OR ReadValue, $FF00

should work. You know what I'm saying :P

JonnyMac

Make sure your variables are longs, then do this:

~~sensorvalue

Yep, that's it. The ~~ at the front of a variable extends the sign from bit 15 (a single ~ extends from bit 7).

rjo__

David,

I had trouble figuring out which version to show you... but your question got me looking and Iit turns out that I was declaring a long but bit shifting it as though it were a word... duh.

I also discovered that if I declare a variable as a word and then assign a -1 to it, what comes back is the two's complement form... but for as a long it comes back as -1... who would have figured?

I don't have it completely sorted yet, but this appears to be my first mistake.

Thanks,

Rich

JonnyMac

gis667en11 wrote: »

Yeah it might be a sign extension issue. A negative number would need the upper 16 bits set to $FF. I'm pretty new to Prop, but something like:

NegMask = $0080

if ReadValue AND NegMask = $0080
then OR ReadValue, $FF00

should work. You know what I'm saying :P

Your example is actually showing extension to a 16-bit value from a signed 8-bit number. In Spin you need to use longs for correct results with signed operations. Here's a way to do what you're suggesting if the special operator is not your cup of tea.

  if (sensorvalue & $8000)
    sensorvalue |= $FFFF_0000

Another what to so this in Spin -- if the sign is not in in bit 15 or bit 7 -- is like this:

(sensorvalue << (31 - SIGN_BIT)) ~> (31 - SIGN_BIT)

The ~> (SAR, shift arithmetic right) works like a right shift but fills bit 31 with the previous contents of bit31 (instead of 0 as a standard shift does).

rjo__

This is what I ended up with... all variables are long. The signs and magnitudes seem reasonable. Still seems blurry:)

PRI Get_Acceleration_Data
      accxi:=i2c.readByte(BNO055,LIA_DATA_x_MSB)
      accxi:=accxi<<8
      mydata:= i2c.readByte(BNO055,LIA_DATA_x_LSB)
      accxi:=accxi+mydata
      mydata:=accxi
       
      tester:=1
      mydata:=mydata<<17
      mydata:=mydata>>17
       
      if mydata<accxi
         accxi:=1+ not(accxi) 
         tester:=-1
       
      accx :=tester*accxi

Dave Hein

The ">>" operator is an unsigned shift. You should use "~>" to do a signed shift. So your "mydata:=mydata>>17" should be "mydata:=mydata>>17". Or you could write it as "mydata ~>>= 17".

The shift by 17 assumes that the data is only 15 bits. If you really have 16 bits of data you could shift by 16, or you could use the "~~" sign extension operator.

rjo__

Took a nap... things always look better after a nice little nap.

Thanks guys

JonnyMac

If the two-byte value is a signed word, you could do this:

pri get_accel_x_data | tacc

  tacc := i2c.readbyte(BNO055, LIA_DATA_X_MSB) << 8
  tacc |= i2c.readbyte(BNO055, LIA_DATA_X_LSB)

  return ~~tacc

rjo__

hmmm.... and just when things seemed so clear:)
I'll tell you what though, even with my miserable programming... this little package is looking just fine:)
I'm going to look at this again in the AM

Thanks

gis667en11

JonnyMac wrote: »

gis667en11 wrote: »

Your example is actually showing extension to a 16-bit value from a signed 8-bit number. In Spin you need to use longs for correct results with signed operations. Here's a way to do what you're suggesting if the special operator is not your cup of tea.

  if (sensorvalue & $8000)
    sensorvalue |= $FFFF_0000

Another what to so this in Spin -- if the sign is not in in bit 15 or bit 7 -- is like this:

(sensorvalue << (31 - SIGN_BIT)) ~> (31 - SIGN_BIT)

The ~> (SAR, shift arithmetic right) works like a right shift but fills bit 31 with the previous contents of bit31 (instead of 0 as a standard shift does).

Oh. Duh. The cogs all use longs for everything, so of course it'd have to be signed to a long. Thanks JM

Private19872

Would you mind posting the code you're using to interface to the sensor? I've been having difficulty with getting any data out of mine at all.