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How does dust stick to a fast moving fan? — Parallax Forums

How does dust stick to a fast moving fan?

xanaduxanadu Posts: 3,347
edited 2012-09-04 07:59 in General Discussion
I was cleaning my fan blades and I always wonder how they get so dirty. To me it is strange that dust can accumulate on something moving so fast because I imagine the fan and dust as solid objects bouncing off each other. I Google it, and see a bunch of answers but that caused further confusion.

Most are hung up on the fact once you get a thin layer going, 'it is easier for more to stick'. That doesn't seem right to me, you'd think the centrifugal force would cause a larger dust structure to stress and fall off.

Then there's the static issue, which I get to certain point, but it seems like there is more to it after the static dissipates.

Some dust clumps seem like they were glued on, could it be humidity is a factor?

Someone needs to invent a dustless fan that doesn't use filters :)

Comments

  • PliersPliers Posts: 280
    edited 2012-09-02 09:48
    In a very clean room you don't need filters on your fans.
  • xanaduxanadu Posts: 3,347
    edited 2012-09-02 09:52
    Oh great now everyone is going to think my office is dirty lol :)
  • Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi)Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi) Posts: 23,514
    edited 2012-09-02 10:01
    I think that plastic fan blades are the biggest problem, because they can acquire a static charge that doesn't dissipate easily. I have an attic fan with metal blades. The attic is really dusty, but the blades have not accumulated any dust in the many years it's been installed.

    -Phil
  • mindrobotsmindrobots Posts: 6,506
    edited 2012-09-02 10:16
    ...so if there were tiny conveyer belts on the surface of the fan blades that moved in the opposite direction of the surface of the blade and you were able to reverse the static charge of theses belts when dust accumulation reached a certain level, would you still get security updates to Adobe Flash player every day????
  • Peter KG6LSEPeter KG6LSE Posts: 1,383
    edited 2012-09-02 11:21
    I wonder If I took some graphite conducive paint If I coated the rotor if it would solve the static at any measurable amount //


    A site note: if static IS the reason Its kinda Freeky that ya have STATIC near Computer parts ...... Ekk!
  • Beau SchwabeBeau Schwabe Posts: 6,568
    edited 2012-09-02 11:25
    Initially I would say it's static ... doesn't really matter plastic or metal (see Triboelectric effect) ... but what keeps it there even after the static has dissipated is the irregular shapes of the dust particles themselves forming mechanical locks that are stronger than the centrifugal properties of the fan on the surface of the blade.
  • RDL2004RDL2004 Posts: 2,554
    edited 2012-09-02 12:02
    And you really don't want to know what that dust is actually made of...
  • Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi)Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi) Posts: 23,514
    edited 2012-09-02 13:04
    ... doesn't really matter plastic or metal ...
    I'm not sure that's true. Metal fan blades have a discharge path to ground through the bearings to the motor housing, thence through the ground wire. Even with friction between the blade and dust particles creating a momentary potential difference, there won't be any residual charge to hold them there long enough to interlink. I think the blades would have to be isolated for that to happen.

    My bare metal attic fan blades are squeaky clean; but I'm sure that if they were plastic, they'd be thoroughly caked by now. OTOH, I've seen metal exhaust fans for paint booths whose blades get caked, but that may be more from chemical adhesion. Also, the painted metal fan blades in my shop heater have accumulated a little dust, but the paint insulates the dust from the actual metallic surface, preventing discharge.

    -Phil
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2012-09-02 13:10
    I think part of the problem stems from the boundary layer that exists anytime you have flow over a surface. Microscopically speaking, the velocity at the surface can be almost zero, so there probably isn't as much force acting to wipe off the dust as you might expect. With plastic, you have not only the electrostatic problem, but also the fact plastic scratches easily especially microscopically so you've got lots of little hand-holds for the dust to grab hold of. Not to mention that spores of fungi and bacteria have electrostatic properties that help them disperse. The cosmos is a clingy kinda place.
  • Peter KG6LSEPeter KG6LSE Posts: 1,383
    edited 2012-09-02 13:34
    Beau . I was pondering .


    If you short a Van de Graff from Ball to GND . does the ball have any potental ?
    I don't think it would ..... same with a ( all ) metal fan and fan case ..


    easy to test ....

    ( aquadaq paint and a fan.)
  • xanaduxanadu Posts: 3,347
    edited 2012-09-02 13:40
    It looks there are a bunch of factors. I thinking of trying an experiment this week with some 120mm ATX fans.

    I don't quite understand the static relationship between metal and plastic. I know metal can build up a charge but like Phil said if it's grounded how would static be a factor there.

    The boundary layer is talked about a lot, how there is no velocity at the surface, that might be why I'm confused I've never heard of that, good stuff.

    I can use a Propeller to control the power of and monitor the RPM of the fans. I guess the fans all need to have the same airflow, speed, environment and surface area which can't be too hard to pull off.

    Fan 1 - Control experiment/stock fan
    Fan 2 - Antistatic sprayed fan
    Fan 3 - Fan with rough sanded surface
    Fan 4 - Glass rod spinning same RPM
    Fan 5 - Metal rod spinning same RPM

    That should provide some results to compare hopefully. I'm thinking run it for a month and check the blades in 48 hour intervals with a basic microscope and also digital camera and make a time lapse or cool comparison at least.
  • xanaduxanadu Posts: 3,347
    edited 2012-09-02 14:06
    I think that plastic fan blades are the biggest problem, because they can acquire a static charge that doesn't dissipate easily. I have an attic fan with metal blades. The attic is really dusty, but the blades have not accumulated any dust in the many years it's been installed.

    -Phil

    Intersting, my attic has no fan but I'm going to acuire a metal fan for this test. I'm wondering why there are no metal ATX fans because static seems to be one of the largest contributing factors here.

    Heat-sinks are metal but they don't move so I can see why they would accumulate dust. I did a couple continuity tests from heat-sink to ground and it seems like there is not path to ground for most CPUs. I read about a 'dust free' spinning heat-sink and wonder if metal is that much better why not just make a metal ATX fan...
  • Beau SchwabeBeau Schwabe Posts: 6,568
    edited 2012-09-02 16:07
    Peter,

    "If you short a Van de Graff from Ball to GND . does the ball have any potental ? I don't think it would ..... same with a ( all ) metal fan and fan case .." - Look at Charging by induction ...

    ... an electroscope for example. Bring a charged object near an electroscope and the leaves on the electroscope move apart, yet no charge has actually transferred between the charged object and the electroscope, yet the leaves still repel. This is because induced charge at one end of the electroscope creates an imbalance.... say the charged object has a negative charge, then the induced charge at the top of the electroscope will become positive ; likewise the resulting charge at the bottom of the electroscope will be negative, causing the leaves to repel. Since the charge was induced and there was no transfer of charge, then the difference in charge between top and bottom is just displacement within essentially a single, electrically conductive piece of metal.

    The same thing can happen with a metal fan, even though the center of the blades are grounded through the shaft of the motor and to the mains, the ends as they rotate can develop a static charge against the air... not much of a charge, but still present. ...and since the fan is grounded, it does dissipate the charge quickly, making it less likely to collect dust, but not an impossibility.


    BTW) Attached is a simple 15 minute electroscope ... instead of foil leafs I used two aluminum balls attached to a very fine 'horse hair' copper wire and an old planters peanuts jar.... lid insert replaced with a circular piece of plastic.
    1024 x 1365 - 104K
  • ercoerco Posts: 20,257
    edited 2012-09-02 16:17
    The leading edges of my ceiling fan blades (likely woodgrain vinyl-covered hardboard) get dust-grungy and require cleaning about twice a year. I agree it's kinda surprising that it sticks there. Write up a government grant proposal and Obama will give you a few million to $tudy the problem. :)
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2012-09-02 17:10
    For a metal fan, any chance its orientation in earth's magnetic field could have any affect? I'm thinking eddy currents induced by the field, very localized currents setting up slight changes in electric field density, and perhaps even some microscopic magnet effects. And of course everyone here knows that some microbe species have magnetic spore coats, right?
  • User NameUser Name Posts: 1,451
    edited 2012-09-02 17:31
    xanadu wrote: »
    ...because static seems to be one of the largest contributing factors here...

    Right. For a dust mite, electrostatic attraction is a lot stronger than centrifugal force, gravity, or the earth's magnetic field. And once tiny particles are stuck to each other, other factors come into play...like molecular diffusion, in which matter seeks a lower energy state. That's why you have to change from hard wax to soft wax if the snow isn't newly fallen.
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2012-09-02 18:28
    User Name wrote: »
    Right. For a dust mite, electrostatic attraction is a lot stronger than centrifugal force, gravity, or the earth's magnetic field. And once tiny particles are stuck to each other, other factors come into play...like molecular diffusion, in which matter seeks a lower energy state. That's why you have to change from hard wax to soft wax if the snow isn't newly fallen.

    Yes, indeed. When looking at phenomena of this sort, it's important to get down to perhaps even the nanoscopic level. For example, if your fan blades are made of aluminum, you might need to take into account that the aluminum metal is actually coated with aluminum oxide, which is an electrical insulator. Metallic aluminium is very reactive with atmospheric oxygen so a thin passivation layer about 4 nm thick forms on its surface exposed to air. So this could be a player in the electrostatic charge build-up. For iron, there is a good chance you've got iron oxides, which probably don't conduct electricity very well when dry.
  • xanaduxanadu Posts: 3,347
    edited 2012-09-03 12:45
    I think part of the problem stems from the boundary layer that exists anytime you have flow over a surface. Microscopically speaking, the velocity at the surface can be almost zero, so there probably isn't as much force acting to wipe off the dust as you might expect. With plastic, you have not only the electrostatic problem, but also the fact plastic scratches easily especially microscopically so you've got lots of little hand-holds for the dust to grab hold of. Not to mention that spores of fungi and bacteria have electrostatic properties that help them disperse. The cosmos is a clingy kinda place.

    Just like the Earth has a boundary layer so does the surface of the fan? Essentially no matter what material you use at the surface of the fan you're basically dumping dust onto it by sucking the air over it even though it is moving?

    If that is true it seems the thing that would keep the least dust overall is a smooth flat surface (which wouldn't push much air) and with the least resistance to ground. I guess that sums up why computer fans are the way they air (are).
  • ctwardellctwardell Posts: 1,716
    edited 2012-09-03 12:46
    erco wrote: »
    The leading edges of my ceiling fan blades (likely woodgrain vinyl-covered hardboard) get dust-grungy and require cleaning about twice a year. I agree it's kinda surprising that it sticks there. Write up a government grant proposal and Obama will give you a few million to $tudy the problem. :)

    lol, we also need to study how much dust sticks to an empty chair...

    C.W.
  • Heater.Heater. Posts: 21,230
    edited 2012-09-03 13:59
    OK, this is kind of gross but when they were cleaning out inches of dust from old tunnels, shafts and ducts in the London underground system it was said that most of it is human skin. Skin is greasy and it sticks to things, like fans. I imagine that most of the dust in your modern air conditioned and sterile clean house was actually you:)

    Next up. A few year back I was talking to an insurance claims investigator. He told that one big problem was all the dust settling on the radiator grills at the back of refridgerators which has a high probability of catching fire when it accumulates too much. That is, your own old skin kills you.
  • Mark_TMark_T Posts: 1,981
    edited 2012-09-03 15:45
    Another factor with static electricity is that different materials tend to acquire particular sign of charge - so its quite possible the the dust particles happen to be one sign (lets say positive for the argument). Each particular plastic will have a tendancy when moving through air (which counts as friction) to develop a charge depending on the nature of the surface (and perhaps temperature and humidity). Should this be negative the positive dust particles will readily adhere to the blades - but if positive then it would work to prevent adhesion.

    However perhaps normal dust particles are on average uncharged, or have a sign that depends on other factors (passing thunderstorms!).

    Also once a blade has a layer of dust the friction between this dust layer and the air is going to determine future charge distribution (and the stickiness of the layer will be v. important too).

    I've noticed when cleaning computer fans that a strong smell of ozone can sometimes be present - indicating active static generation,perhaps related to the spinning blades carrying significant static charge - or perhaps due to the mains voltages in the switching power supply. I've never seen a metal bladed computer cooling fan though - perhaps it would be a good idea?
  • LoopyBytelooseLoopyByteloose Posts: 12,537
    edited 2012-09-04 00:00
    I strongly expect that other factors are in play. Plastic is a hydrocarbon and this kind of material seems to just attract a special kind of grime that has nothing to do with static electricity.

    And then there is the issue of velocity....
    If you ride a motorcycle in the rain, you get wetter, faster than if you are sitting on a motorcycle at a stop sign in the rain. The fact that you are in motion allows for deeper penetration of droplets and you actually accumulate more rain by moving through it. Impact may cause dust to stick.

    I have no idea why the mentioned attic fan stays dust free. I seems that would be an anomaly as all the fans I look at are dirty. After all, everything gets dirty with use and age -- unless you have a clean up gnome dwelling in your attic.
  • RickInTexasRickInTexas Posts: 124
    edited 2012-09-04 00:22
    Somewhere I read about some PC fans that would start up spinning backwards for a few seconds, stop and resume normal flow direction. Don't recall what controlled this, but the mother board would seem to make the most sense.

    I occasionally bring the leaf blower in and blow out everything electronic, and the fridge. The fridge to improve efficiency, didn't realize that it caused fires, yikes!

    Need to check the clothes dryer outlet too.

    BTW, it's best to do this when wifey's away.
  • Tracy AllenTracy Allen Posts: 6,664
    edited 2012-09-04 07:59
    When you see in an air pollution report that says PM2.5 or PM10 is such and such a level, that is done with the help of a device called an impactor. (PM=Particle Mass). Air is forced through an apparatus, inside of which it has to go through one or more sharp turns in order to get past a fixed plate. Small particles follow the air stream around, but the momentum of large particles carries them out of the air stream, and they strike the plate. The plate may be coated with oil to enhance sticking and to prevent bouncing. The aerodynamics of this process are very selective. They are well understood and lead to a host of devices for collecting particles of specific sizes.
    Screen shot 2012-09-04 at 7.50.13 AM.png


    The effect applies to any situation where particles in an air stream have to make a turn. For example it applies to tubing that brings air samples in to a detector. There is a size-dependent loss per unit length as particles plate the inside of the tube. And, for lowest loss, avoid generic plastic. If plastic is used, it is specially treated to make it electrically conductive.
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