2^32

garylake

I was just wondering why the Prop can't calculate 2^32.

CON                              
                                 
  _clkmode = xtal1 + pll16x      
  _xinfreq = 5_000_000           
                                 
OBJ                              
                                 
  pst   : "Parallax Serial Terminal"

var
  long t
  long i
PUB main                                                  
  pst.Start(115_200)
  i := 2
  t:=0
  repeat 32
    t++
    pst.Dec(t)
    pst.tab
    pst.Dec(i)
    pst.newline   
    i := i *2

  pst.Str(string("All done!"))

Terminal window print out.

1       2
2       4
3       8
4       16
5       32
6       64
7       128
8       256
9       512
10      1024
11      2048
12      4096
13      8192
14      16384
15      32768
16      65536
17      131072
18      262144
19      524288
20      1048576
21      2097152
22      4194304
23      8388608
24      16777216
25      33554432
26      67108864
27      134217728
28      268435456
29      536870912
30      1073741824
31      -2147483648
32      0
All done!

Answer should be 4,294,967,296

Gary Lake

kuroneko

How do you fit 2^32 into a 32bit entity? 2^n requires n+1 bits.

Dr_Acula

2^32 has overflowed.
In binary the answer is
1_00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000

which is why you are getting zero. There will be an overflow flag somewhere.

Andrey Demenev

2^32 occupies 33 bits. In Spin, all calculations are done in 32 bits. Also, these are signed 32-bits, so integers must fall in -2147483648 .. 2147483647 range

garylake

I was just trying to do the math in the Propeller Education Kit. Labs: Fundamentals.

Something like -- PHS bit 31 frequency = 80_000_000 x 322_122_547 / 2^32

Andrey Demenev

There is a special operatotor in Spin for this: **
A ** B = A* B / 2^32. Basically, it does multiplication of two 32-bit numbers into 64-bit number, and returns the higher 32 of those 64 bits

Duane C. Johnson

You could do this instead:

Something like -- PHS bit 31 frequency = 40_000_000 x 322_122_547 / 2^31

Duane

Andrey Demenev

This is completely wrong. First multiplication will result in overflow

garylake

@Andrey

The A**B worked and the answer was 5,999,999

Thanks