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Problem running USB Proto Board off of LIPO battery — Parallax Forums

Problem running USB Proto Board off of LIPO battery

RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
edited 2011-02-21 00:47 in Propeller 1
I am trying to run a proto board off a 3.7v 2000mah Lipo battery but it does not seem to get enough juice to operate. The indicator light is dim and it will not make a serial connection to the PC.

Might it work if I bypassed the 5v regulator or am I just out of luck. Works fine when I plug the board into the wall outlet.

Comments

  • Paul Sr.Paul Sr. Posts: 435
    edited 2011-02-15 07:12
    It needs 6-9V - 3.7 is too low.
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 07:18
    The 5V regulator needs a voltage higher than 5V to operate. I don't know the exact dropout on that regulator but Parallax recommends at least 6V.

    You can patch your 3.7V in to the 5V pads on the board if you are sure that you will not apply external power at the same time - I don't think you want that 5V feeding into your battery. I'm assuming you are using a protected battery or know what you are doing since lipos can be interesting [1] if you abuse them.

    This also assumes that the dropout on the 3.3V regulator is low enough that it will still work. If not, you may not be getting 3.3 V to the processor (that's pretty close and your battery may drop below the required level pretty quickly anyway).

    If you connect the battery to the 5V pads, anything that is connecting to 5V will get 3.7V instead. After a quick look at the schematic, I think this is limited to the PS/2, VGA, and servo (if you connect them to 5V) headers.

    There has been some discussion recently about whether it is safe to apply a voltage to the output of the regulator (which you would be doing here) but you should probably be ok.

    There are also boost regulators out there that will bump your 3.7 V to 5V (or higher for that matter) if you require 5V. This may be a better way to go and will probably get you better performance since the battery level is likely to drop below the regulator's cutoff pretty quickly.

    [1] interesting = really, really dangerous.
  • Dave HeinDave Hein Posts: 6,347
    edited 2011-02-15 07:24
    The voltage range for the prop is 2.7 to 3.6 volts. The voltage range of a LIPO is 3.3 to 4.2 volts, so you would need to drop 0.6 volts to ensure that it doesn't exceed 3.6 volts. You should be able to do this with a diode in series with the LIPO, but you need to make sure its at 3.6 volts or below before connecting it. You also need to make sure that all the other components you are using can handle this voltage range.
  • RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
    edited 2011-02-15 07:29
    I know very little about batteries. I have a sparkfun usb lipo charger to charge the batteries. Sadly I got it before they added the 5v boost.

    The proto board is set-up as a GPS datalogger and I was hoping the rechargeable Lipo's would be cheaper then eating through 9Vs. I was planning
    on changing out the batteries for charging instead of trying to charge the batteries on-board.

    It has three 3.3V devices: the propeller chip, GPS, and SD card writer.
  • RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
    edited 2011-02-15 07:38
    Hmmm, what about running wires from the battery clip to the in/ground leads of the 3.3v regulator?
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 07:41
    Ragtop wrote: »
    I have a sparkfun usb lipo charger to charge the batteries. Sadly I got it before they added the 5v boost.

    It's funny you mention that. I just got one of the ones with the 5V boost circuit.

    I haven't used it in an application yet. I have used it to charge a battery once. It was a nightmare to unplug the battery afterward - even using tools. Some of these plug/jack pairs are extremely tight.

    One thing to bear in mind for anyone interested in these is that they do not have any way to turn them off. The battery is always connected to the boost circuit. This is fine for a device that is supposed to be on all the time but inconvenient if it's not.

    Sparkfun and Pololu (and I'm sure many others) both sell small boards with boost circuits on them if you need the 5V.
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 07:44
    Ragtop wrote: »
    Hmmm, what about running wires from the battery clip to the in/ground leads of the 3.3v regulator?

    That's what I was talking about (unclearly) in my first post above. The 5V pads next to the regulators are connected to the input of the 3.3V regulator.
  • RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
    edited 2011-02-15 07:45
    I cut off the top plastic tabs of the connectors. Still holds firm enough that it shouldn't jar lose but easier to disconnect.
  • TtailspinTtailspin Posts: 1,326
    edited 2011-02-15 07:49
    If you have room for two batteries, Would that be 7.4 volts?
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 08:25
    Ragtop wrote: »
    I cut off the top plastic tabs of the connectors. Still holds firm enough that it shouldn't jar lose but easier to disconnect.

    That's my plan. I just forgot to do it before plugging in the battery the first time.
  • max72max72 Posts: 1,155
    edited 2011-02-15 09:23
    Be careful with Li batteries. They are nervous (explode) when overcharged, and die if the voltage gets too low.
    AA NiMh are easier to use and safer. 4XAA are ok if you feed the 3.3V regulator, otherwise use 6xAA.
    Massimo
  • RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
    edited 2011-02-15 10:31
    I was thinking of running them in serial, but hearing how dangerous they are, I am a little afraid of trying that.

    Wiring the Lipo's power to the left pin of the 3.3v reg and ground to the middle ground pin did nothing. No indicator light came on. I am bypassing the switch but turned it on and off for good measure. Wondering if all those "back" circuits might be a problem.

    I may just have to bite the bullet and build my own prop board for this with just a 3.3v reg.
  • Miner_with_a_PICMiner_with_a_PIC Posts: 123
    edited 2011-02-15 10:51
    max72 wrote: »
    Be careful with Li batteries. They are nervous (explode) when overcharged, and die if the voltage gets too low.

    Couldn't agree more, folks implementing these types of batteries really need to be careful and become thoroughly informed about the hazards(fire, rupture, battery longevity) before using them. Only use them with protection PCBs that protect against over charging, over discharging and short circuit conditions. If placing two cells in series use a mult-cell type protection PCB rather than two separate single cell PCBs. Li-ion cells have characteristics that are desirable (great Coulomb efficiency in both charge and discharge, awesome self discharge and outstanding energy density) and are worth the extra trouble.

    To use a single cell for your application you could either use a boost converter (as schill recommended) to bump the voltage up to the specified minimum for the board or bypass both regulators and use a low dropout regulator. Some specialized linear regulators have dropouts below 100 mV, so you can harness most of the battery's capacity.
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 11:01
    Ragtop wrote: »
    I may just have to bite the bullet and build my own prop board for this with just a 3.3v reg.
    To use a single cell for your application you could either use a boost converter (as schill recommended) to bump the voltage up to the specified minimum for the board or bypass both regulators and use a low dropout regulator. Some specialized linear regulators have dropouts below 100 mV, so you can harness most of the battery's capacity.

    I think the problem now is because, for the regulator on the board, the input voltage is not high enough. 3.7V is not much more than 3.3V (obviously) so unless the regulator has really low drop out this will not work.

    Instead of wiring the battery directly to the 3.3V regulator, did you try just connecting to the 5V holes on the board? It should be exactly the same thing electrically. I don't think (although I don't know for sure) that you are running into problems because of the 5V regulator.

    I think the best bet is to use something specifically designed for this situation as suggested by Miner_with_a_PIC - either a regulator with very low dropout or a boost/buck converter to get to either 5V or 3.3V, depending on whether you need the 5V.
  • RagtopRagtop Posts: 406
    edited 2011-02-15 11:40
    No, I did not try wiring to a 5v hole. Would that bypass the whole power circuit?

    I will probably go with the low drop-out reg. Another wait by the mailbox.

    I have some 3.3V zener diodes, someone mentioned running it through a diode.

    What is the consensus on that approach?
  • JasonDorieJasonDorie Posts: 1,930
    edited 2011-02-15 12:03
    Ragtop wrote: »
    I was thinking of running them in serial, but hearing how dangerous they are, I am a little afraid of trying that.

    Running lipo's in series is fine, as long as the packs have the same capacity and are charged to the same level. You can't charge them in series without a very specific charger that connects to both cells and keeps them in sync. My remote control stuff is all lipo powered, and all with 3 cells wired series for ~12v.
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 12:05
    Ragtop wrote: »
    No, I did not try wiring to a 5v hole. Would that bypass the whole power circuit?

    No. If you look at the schematic you can see that 5V ties directly to the input of the 3.3V regulator. It's just an easy way to make the connection.

    The only way to buypass the power circuit completely would be to tie directly to one of the 3.3V holes. But then you'd be driving the Prop directly with the battery voltage which could be as high as 4.2V (I believe) and is outside the normal range for the Prop.

    If you come up with your own regulation that provides 3.3V, you can connect that to one of the 3.3V holes. This will provide power to the rest of the board. It will also be going to the output of the 3.3V regulator but that should not be a problem. If you are concerned (and some people think you should be) then you can remove the 3.3V regulator from the board completely or disconnect its output pin.
  • schillschill Posts: 741
    edited 2011-02-15 12:07
    JasonDorie wrote: »
    Running lipo's in series is fine, as long as the packs have the same capacity and are charged to the same level. You can't charge them in series without a very specific charger that connects to both cells and keeps them in sync. My remote control stuff is all lipo powered, and all with 3 cells wired series for ~12v.

    The sparkfun charger will not be able to do this. You would have to charge them individually and then hope everything was good.
  • sstandfastsstandfast Posts: 39
    edited 2011-02-15 16:53
    Here is my 2 cents worth. I would recommend removing both the +5 and +3.3V regulators from the protoboard. Then I would stitch in a PMIC (Power Management IC) in place of the regulators. The MAX8662/MAX8663 or MAX8819 come to mind as possibilities. Unfortunately all these are only available in TQFN packages so you will require a surfboard to build the circuit on and attach it to your protoboard. However, the rewards will be great. These chips contain a single-cell Li+/Li polymer battery charger, several step-down/buck regulators, and a step-up regulator for LED strings to name a few of the features. You can also hot-swap between external power or battery power and the built-in charger means you will not have to remove the battery and move it to your charger every time it goes dead. Just connect a wall-wart to the existing DC jack and you will start charging the battery. It will even automatically stop charging once the battery is full.

    Shawn
  • Dr. MarioDr. Mario Posts: 331
    edited 2011-02-20 20:05
    Yep. I have been using Li-Ion batteries so much that I knew what to do now. (Note: I hate Li-Polymer batteries because they like to blow up - that kind of batteries make me so nervous... A slap on the table and there goes a hole in the table... I prefer the Li-Ion batteries because it's hard to abuse if you drop it on table as they're canned as well - there are Li: FePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries for the nervous nellies, what I am planning to use in my projects including the active uninterruptible power supply.)

    Try the LDO (Low-dropout regulator) rated for 3.3 Volts - that could fix the problems: most wouldn't care if there's a 12V car battery at the input - it will regulate it to 3.3 Volts (as well, it will just quit working at 3.42 volts - thing to check for drop-out voltage in the datasheet!)

    Or, you can try use the 2.7 - 9 volts to 3.3 Volts DC-DC converter (Texas Instruments have such kits if you can find it).

    And, yes, you can try PMIC - some do have 3.3 V voltage regulator / charge pump which is already powerful enough to power the Propeller and few other things, as far as the inductor's current rating goes.
  • jazzedjazzed Posts: 11,803
    edited 2011-02-20 23:10
    If just you need a safe and simple rechargeable battery solution, 3 AAA NiMh batteries will provide 3.6V nominally and should not exceed 4.0V under load when fully charged (fully charged open circuit voltage may reach 4.05V YMMV). I've been using 3 NiMh and a standard charger with Propeller for several years.
  • Dr. MarioDr. Mario Posts: 331
    edited 2011-02-21 00:47
    Yep, can be done.

    I just have to use the advanced Li-ion battery protector chip from Maxim Semiconductors, Inc. to protect the battery (although you would have to work a bit more for 3.2 Volts Li:FePO4 batteries - even spinel Li-Ion batteries are safe providing you don't leave it short-circuited for too long - although the MOSFET will just give up magic smokes and then dies totally open - 18650 batteries are pretty powerful, it can do 40 Amps short-circuit peak - did this risky test a long times and I was pretty surprised).

    NiMH or Li-Ion, it doesn't matter as long as it's just the plain vanilla-favored 3.3 volts. (What comes in won't matter - many voltage regulators and DC-DC converters just take care of voltage conversion. Also, some LDOs provides the protections to Li-Ion batteries automatically (when it drops to 3.42V, it shuts down, and when shorted from 3.3V output, it also shuts down) - I still put in the battery protector chip anyways, as some can die short-circuited. I like to be on the safe side. I never have had any trouble with canned Li-Ion batteries like 18650 ever since.)
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