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Best way to isolate the Propeller from 1200 volts - use an optoisolator? — Parallax Forums

Best way to isolate the Propeller from 1200 volts - use an optoisolator?

ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
edited 2008-12-03 03:19 in Propeller 1
Hi all,

I've got my Propeller taking pulses from a circuit that consists of amps, comparators, etc. whose signal sources are some photomultipliers, which involve very little current but their high voltage supplies tend to hover around 1000 volts. My concern is that something could go wrong one day and send a 1000 volt pulse through the circuits, through the Propeller, and ultimately zap my laptop. I'm not sure how likely that is, but I can't afford to smoke laptops, so I was wondering if there is a cheap way to isolate the photomultiplier side of the circuit from the Propeller, perhaps using optoisolators??? My pulse reading rate would probably not exceed 10Mhz, and would most likely be around 1 Mhz, I think. So does anybody have any suggestions for what might work nicely with the Propeller's pins configured to operate as pulse counters? What's coming out of the AND gates and heading toward the Propeller right now are 4 volt pulses.

thanks,
Mark

Comments

  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-11-30 21:15
    Mark, I've burned MANY propellers and I think I am single handedly responsible for Parallax's great success with propeller sales. icon9.gif

    I've started making my own PCB's because alot of parts that do a great job aren't available in DIP. TI Makes some GREAT isolators. I ordered a few samples from them a while back and they are amazing little chips. A run of the mill optoisolator is pretty slow(I've found), and you get really bad signal skewing and distortion with them. The ISO72 series uses a different method of isolating which is amazingly fast, and provides something like 5kv isolation. Anyway, attached is a picture of one of my isolator PCBs I made. It's specifically for converting up to three of these ISO7240/ISO7242 chips to a DIP mount for a breadboard. Also, here are a couple links to the chips if you want to try them. Oh, these are ---150mps--- chips. Like I said, fast. One more thing, if you haven't read the datasheet, one side of the isolator can be 3.3V, and the other 5V and anything in between. These are very versitile chips which I love(if you can't tell).

    ISO7240 - 4 inputs, all same direction, 4 channels total
    http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/iso7240m.html

    ISO7242 - 2 inputs, 2 outputs, 4 channels total(can be used for 2 transmit, and 2 recieve channels)
    http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/iso7242m.html

    Post Edited (Philldapill) : 11/30/2008 9:30:56 PM GMT
    1098 x 727 - 79K
  • Peter JakackiPeter Jakacki Posts: 10,193
    edited 2008-12-01 02:21
    Hey Phil, they look just the Analog Devices ADUM5402 parts I'm building into some designs and it seems they have a compatible pinout. Yes, they are great parts and so much easier and better to use than optos as they also have their own built-in isolated DC-DC converter.

    *Peter*
  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-12-01 03:26
    Oh yeah Peter? Those are nice chips as well.... But mine are still faster with a 16ns prop delay, vs. your 60ns delay! [noparse]:D[/noparse]
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2008-12-01 04:16
    Well, Peter and Phil,

    these are certainly cool devices you both have here. My first impression is that they might be overkill for my application. I only need about 10Mhz, maybe even as slow as 1 Mhz. Also, I don't have the ability to work with anything other than Dippy thru-hole type devices, so your fancy soic solderwork leaves me pouting in the dust. Unless, that is, you are marketing these things???

    Mark
  • Cluso99Cluso99 Posts: 18,069
    edited 2008-12-01 09:30
    Ensure you do not have any tracks (copper) closer than the 0.3" pin spacing and you will meet about 1500V isolation. If you place an air slot (about 2mm works well) in the pcb between any tracks closer than 0.3" pin spacing you can achieve 3000V isolation.

    I use the 6N138 & 6N139 optoisolators in DIP. I don't know if you will achieve 1MHz with these, but you could give it a try. Without looking at the specs of the 6N138/9, I don't know what their isolation voltage is.

    So, in summary, you need track isolation and air isolation as well as the opto's internal isolation to achieve decent voltage isolation. You will need a fast opto to achieve the speed you are looking for. I used to design modems and had to meet these isolation requirements.

    Hope this helps smile.gif

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    We used to marvel at Maxwell Smart·having a phone in his shoe. Now we just say what a stupid place to put a phone!
  • Peter JakackiPeter Jakacki Posts: 10,193
    edited 2008-12-01 11:40
    Cluso99 said...
    I used to design modems and had to meet these isolation requirements.
    Hey mate! just look at you now on your boat, you certainly have taken isolation to the limit roll.gif

    BTW, don't expect to get Mhz out of a darlington opto, they may be sensitive but they are sloooowww.

    Phil said...
    But mine are still faster with a 16ns prop delay, vs. your 60ns delay! [noparse]:D[/noparse]
    Yeah, nice and fast so I'm sure you will have really good decoupling and ground planes to combat all that ringing lol.gif

    DING - next round

    *Peter*
  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-12-01 14:56
    LOL @ peter. Touche.

    Electric Aye, no I'm not trying to maket my boards, but I did make a few extra. All the board is, is just the PCB with holes drilled, no pins. I could send you one through the mail if you're in the US. I've also made a bunch of SMD to DIP adapters since that's what I use for prototyping. These are also homemade, but work well. [noparse]:)[/noparse]
  • kwinnkwinn Posts: 8,697
    edited 2008-12-01 15:03
    ElectricAye, I would be very surprised if you can run a 6N138/9 at 1MHz, never mind 10MHz. The data sheet suggests 100Kbaud which is about 100KHz. You should test one out first using a square wave to determine the maximum frequency before you spend a lot of time and money making boards. My guess is the output will start to look more like a sine wave and decrease in amplitude a bit beyond 100 - 200 KHz.
  • Cluso99Cluso99 Posts: 18,069
    edited 2008-12-02 02:05
    I guess my main point was that you also require pcb isolation, not just the IC.

    From memory I got 38.4kbaud with no problems and the resistors could be changed to improve that performance. 1MHz is still 30 times greater than this. However, if all one is looking for is a pulse, then it would be possible to get a lot better than 38K. As I said, I did not check the specs, and thought it could be worth a look. I know the 4N28 will not do this. You will need a high speed opto. There are specialised digital optos that may also do the trick.

    Otherwise, you may have to use a transformer to get the isolation.

    ▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔
    We used to marvel at Maxwell Smart·having a phone in his shoe. Now we just say what a stupid place to put a phone!
  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-12-02 02:38
    Don't forget that it's not just the period of the signal, but also the pulse LENGTH. If your pulses are coming in at 1MHz, and they are only 10% duty cycle, then you'll need something faster than something that can handle 1MHz... You'll need at LEAST 10MHz. Again, I recommend the parts from TI or the ones Peter suggested. They will be more than fast enough, which doesn't hurt anything. Cluso is right about the PCB layout. I intentionally made my power tracks on my PCB almost as far apart as I could(see above picture). If they are right next to each other with something like 0.005 clearance, what's the point in having a device that can withstand thousands of volts, if you are only seperating the power tracks with a distance that only takes a few hundred volts to jump across?
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2008-12-02 05:30
    Phil,

    that's a very good point about duty cycle. I had overlooked that. Cluso, too, makes a good point about layout, though I'm protoboarding everything right now, so the separations are pretty good. I'm not sure how to approach using the parts Peter suggests since I do not have the ability to solder surface mount anything. Unless somebody is marketing something I can just plug into a protoboard and solder, I'll have to keep looking.

    thanks to all for keeping me from making another stupid mistake,
    Mark
  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-12-02 17:56
    Mark, I said I have a few extra boards from when I made my own. They are the ones in the picture and have about 0.2" spacing of seperation. I'll send you a couple if you'd like via USPS mail if you'd like, for free. Just order a few of those ISO chips I mentioned from TI. My samples are free, and TI's samples are free. All in all, you'll be up and going in about 3 or 4 days. Just PM me with your address and I'll drop them in the mail.
  • PhilldapillPhilldapill Posts: 1,283
    edited 2008-12-02 17:57
    Oh, btw, soldering THESE surface mount pieces are easy. If you REALLY can't solder it, let me know and I'll solder a couple of the chips onto a board for you, and send one that way.
  • ElectricAyeElectricAye Posts: 4,561
    edited 2008-12-03 03:06
    Phil,

    You'll never know how much I've agonized over your super-generous offer of a freebie isolator, but as much as I'd love to snap it up, I'm afraid it goes against my policy of forcing myself to learn everything I need to do to make my project work. I've thrown myself into this project with a sort of "sink or swim" mentality, so if I need isolators and if the ideal isolators require a whole new way of flailing in the electronic waters, then flail I must. I shan't allow myself to get greedy. Your advice and sharing of knowledge is more than I could ever ask for. I am now jonesing one of those fancy soldering stations as seen on Sparkfun, especially after spending time last night oogling their tutorials. They have some SOIC to DIP adapters that look possible.

    I greatly appreciate the offer but for me you've done enough already by encouraging me to learn to deal with those surface mount teenie-weenie leads.

    thanks again,
    Mark

    smile.gif

    PS. If I screw up really bad, though, I might come back begging with my tail between my legs.
  • Peter JakackiPeter Jakacki Posts: 10,193
    edited 2008-12-03 03:16
    Mark, fancy iron or not, what you need is a good tip, preferably the flat ones with a little indentation and good solder as well a flux pen. It's really easy. Biggest mistake you can make is trying to solder each joint individually with a fine tip or not trying at all.

    *Peter*
  • Cluso99Cluso99 Posts: 18,069
    edited 2008-12-03 03:19
    Mark: Great attitude - I wish you all the best and don't hesitate to ask if you have more questions. This forum is just the greatest. smile.gif

    ▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔▔
    We used to marvel at Maxwell Smart·having a phone in his shoe. Now we just say what a stupid place to put a phone!
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