Can you give comments on my PCB layout? :)

Comments

• Francis Bauer Posts: 353

  2021-02-06 05:13

  Your layout is workable, but I would consider the following changes that would reduce traces lengths:

  1. Rotate M1 90 degrees counter-clockwise and move it slightly to allow more straight traces with the other components.
  2. Rotate C1, C2 90 degrees clockwise, this would eliminate some of the extra trace branches that you have.

  In my PCB experiences, shorter straighter traces are desirable.

  I would include a ground plane on the PCB. I assuming C1, C2 are electrolytic capacitors, if so please add the appropriate '+' symbols.

  I didn't verify that the layout is accurate electrically, hopefully it is...

  Keep up the good work.
• Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi) Posts: 23,514

  2021-02-06 05:53

  Get rid of those T intersections!

  Connect J1 to C1 and from there to M1 and C2, then from C2 to R2. Then M1 directly to C2, then to R1.

  And I agree about the ground plane.

  -Phil
• Peter Jakacki Posts: 10,193

  2021-02-06 07:41 edited 2021-02-06 07:47

  That layout doesn't make any sense, the only connection I can see is to the ground and VBUS of the USB connector, and why would you ever need huge ecaps? If it is a charger then it must handle current and this should also be reflected in the tracks which look like they would burn out or drop too much voltage with too much current etc.

  A PCB layout must have a schematic which you would always post with any pcb layout you are seeking critique for

  EDIT - I looked at that chip and it only needs tiny caps (even ceramics about the same size as the chip) - but still you need a connector for the battery it is intended to charge.
  
• Mohamed_Faris Posts: 5

  2021-02-06 18:22

  Thank you all for your comments.

  Hi Phil, I understood your recommendations, however, I have read read before that Daisy chain is not preferred with power rails, so I thought that is preferred with ground as well.

  Hi Peter, you are right, I should have put the schematic. For the tracks, they are much wider than the width required for a 1 Ampere current, given that the battery is 90 mAh. Regarding the ecabs, I just wanted to use all components to be through-hole components as I read that they are more reliable.

  I gave explanation of what I did to understand more from you, and again thanks a lot.
  attached is the schematic, and the package used.

  
  
• Phil Pilgrim (PhiPi) Posts: 23,514

  2021-02-06 19:05

  Hi Phil, I understood your recommendations, however, I have read read before that Daisy chain is not preferred with power rails, so I thought that is preferred with ground as well.

  At the very least, then, straighten out those acute junctions, and add some fillets where the traces join. But, since you're saying that's a ground trace, use a ground plane on the other side of the board instead.

  -Phil
• Mohamed_Faris Posts: 5

  2021-02-06 19:18

  Understood, thanks a lot for the help.
• Beau Schwabe Posts: 6,547

  2021-02-06 20:28 edited 2021-02-06 20:30

  Since "ground plane" has been mentioned ... don't confuse this will a "flood fill".

  • A flood fill may generate inadequate connections. i.e. narrow channel and single via. Don't rely on a flood fill to make your connections.
  • A ground plane is a solid board layer dedicated completely to ground where via drops are used to make a connection.

  Typically when I lay a board out:

  • I route my Power and Ground first (This includes any layers I want to use as a ground plane)
  • Then I route any critical or sensitive signals with proper shielding techniques (when/where applicable)
  • If time is critical (usually) I let the auto-router finish the job
  • Check for anything stupid the auto-router might have done and clean that up
  • Then Flood Fill as the very last step. Again, don't rely on flood fill to make your connections, ALL of your connections should have adequate routing BEFORE any flood fill.
• Mohamed_Faris Posts: 5

  2021-02-06 21:24

  Thanks Baeu a lot for clearing these things out. Really, appreciate your instructions.
• Peter Jakacki Posts: 10,193

  2021-02-07 00:18 edited 2021-02-07 00:31

  Sure, you can cobble a pcb together and it will "work" even though you have to solder directly to the huge capacitor pins poking through the bottom because all your tracks are on the top side itself and you haven't allowed for the battery connection. Then you will have to drill out the pcb for the lugs on the USB plug or allow for some mechanical support since it will undergo stresses. But the huge caps indicate that you do not know how big a 4.7uF capacitor is at all and what type is best etc. Having " read that [through-hole components] are more reliable" is what you have read somewhere, but is not a fact. But 4.7uf ecaps would be the same size and have the same footprint as the LED (which btw should have some kind of polarization marking or a square pad etc). Your footprint could take a 4,700uF ecap but 1,000 times more is not 1,000 times better. Above all, RTM (Read The Manual), especially "6.1.1.3 Thermal Considerations" but here's the section talking about the caps.

  6.1.1.4
  External Capacitors
  The MCP73831/2 are stable with or without a battery
  load. In order to maintain good AC stability in the
  Constant-Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of
  4.7 μF is recommended to bypass the V BAT pin to V SS .
  This capacitance provides compensation when there is
  no battery load. In addition, the battery and
  interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies.
  These elements are in the control feedback loop during
  Constant-Voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass
  capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the
  inductive nature of the battery pack.
  Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be
  used, independent of the capacitor’s minimum
  Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual
  value of the capacitor (and its associated ESR)
  depends on the output load current. A 4.7 μF ceramic,
  tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the
  output is usually sufficient to ensure stability for output
  currents up to a 500 mA.
  

  BTW, none of us would ever lay out this simple circuit this way, and the board would be way smaller too and less likely to break the plug etc.
  Think about how the pcb plugs into the USB port and what will be in the way with your pcb sticking out so wide. Make it slender like a Flash drive instead.

  Finally - what the manufacturer says about pcb layout itself. (note the so called "less reliable" smd caps too)
  
• Mohamed_Faris Posts: 5

  2021-02-07 19:10

  Thanks a lot for the feedback. You made things clear.
• frank freedman Posts: 1,975

  2021-02-16 11:52

  For through hole components soldered to the ground plane or any large copper area, consider adding thermal relief to make soldering or rework easier and more reliable. Can't tell you how much linguistic peeling of paint occurs when the solder just can't seem to melt right.